成语故事之四面楚歌
<p>分享一个成语故事：</p><p><span word="At">At</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="end">end</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Qin">Qin</span> <span word="Dynasty">Dynasty</span>(221-206 <span word="B">B</span>.<span word="C">C</span>.) <span word="the">the</span> <span word="State">State</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Chu">Chu</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="State">State</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Han">Han</span> <span word="fought">fought</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="control">control</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="country">country</span>. <span word="Xiang">Xiang</span> <span word="Yu">Yu</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="king">king</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Chu">Chu</span>, <span word="was">was</span> <span word="besieged">besieged</span>(包围) <span word="at">at</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="Gaixia">Gaixia</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Han">Han</span> <span word="army">army</span> <span word="led">led</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="Liu">Liu</span> <span word="Bang">Bang</span>. <span word="Xiang">Xiang</span> <span word="Yu">Yu</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="desperate">desperate</span> <span word="situation">situation</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="few">few</span> <span word="soliders">soliders</span>. <span word="At">At</span> <span word="night">night</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="surrounding">surrounding</span> <span word="Han">Han</span> <span word="troops">troops</span> <span word="started">started</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="sing">sing</span> <span word="Chu">Chu</span> <span word="folk">folk</span> <span word="songs">songs</span>. <span word="Xiang">Xiang</span> <span word="Yu">Yu</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="surprised">surprised</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="this">this</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="said">said</span>:"<span word="Has">Has</span> <span word="Liu">Liu</span> <span word="Bang">Bang</span> <span word="occupied">occupied</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="whole">whole</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Chu">Chu</span>? <span word="How">How</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="drafted">drafted</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="Chu">Chu</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="army">army</span>?" <span word="Then">Then</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="fled">fled</span> <span word="together">together</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="remainder">remainder</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="forces">forces</span>.</p><p><span word="This">This</span> <span word="idiom">idiom</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="metaphorically">metaphorically</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="mean">mean</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="helpless">helpless</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="critical">critical</span> <span word="situation">situation</span>, <span word="surrounded">surrounded</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="enemy">enemy</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="sides">sides</span>.</p><p>项羽和刘邦原来约定以鸿沟(在今河南荣县境贾鲁河)东西边作为界限，互不侵犯。后来刘邦听从张良和陈平的规劝，觉得应该趁项羽衰弱的时候消灭他，就又和韩信、彭越、刘贾会合兵力追击正在向东开往彭城(即今江苏徐州)的项羽部队。终于布置了几层兵力，把项羽紧紧围在垓下(在今安徽灵璧县东南)。这时，项羽手下的兵士已经很少，粮食又没有了。夜里听见四面围住他的军队都唱起楚地的民歌，不禁非常吃惊地说：“刘邦已经得到了楚地了吗?为什么他的部队里面楚人这么多呢?”说看，心里已丧失了斗志，便从床上爬起来，在营帐里面喝酒，并和他最宠爱的妃子虞姬一同唱歌。唱完，直掉眼泪，在一旁的人也非常难过，都觉得抬不起头来。虞姬自刎于项羽的马前，项羽英雄末路，带了仅剩兵卒至乌江，最终自刎于江边。</p>
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