High-tech images show how viruses infect cells
<p><span word="As">As</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="contend">contend</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="illnesses">illnesses</span> <span word="caused">caused</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="viruses">viruses</span>, <span word="including">including</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="year">year</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="strain">strain</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="flu">flu</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="influenza">influenza</span>, <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="continue">continue</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="viruses">viruses</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="manage">manage</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="invade">invade</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="everything">everything</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="bacteria">bacteria</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="organs">organs</span>. <span word="University">University</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Texas">Texas</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="recently">recently</span> <span word="collaborated">collaborated</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="innovative">innovative</span> <span word="technique">technique</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="allowed">allowed</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="virus">virus</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="act">act</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="infecting">infecting</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="cell">cell</span>.</p><p><span word="At">At</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Texas">Texas</span> <span word="Medical">Medical</span> <span word="School">School</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="Houston">Houston</span>, <span word="Jun">Jun</span> <span word="Liu">Liu</span> <span word="uses">uses</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="powerful">powerful</span> <span word="electron">electron</span> <span word="microscope">microscope</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="examine">examine</span> <span word="E">E</span>. <span word="coli">coli</span> <span word="bacteria">bacteria</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="tiny">tiny</span> <span word="T">T</span>-7 <span word="virus">virus</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="infects">infects</span> <span word="them">them</span>.</p><p><span word="Liu">Liu</span> <span word="says">says</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="now">now</span>, <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="speculate">speculate</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="virus">virus</span> <span word="injected">injected</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="genetic">genetic</span> <span word="material">material</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="cell">cell</span>, <span word="because">because</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="happens">happens</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="instant">instant</span>.</p><p>“<span word="Before">Before</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="inject">inject</span> <span word="in">in</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="channel">channel</span>. <span word="After">After</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="inject">inject</span> <span word="in">in</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="degrade">degrade</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="channel">channel</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="never">never</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="chance">chance</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="it">it</span>,” <span word="Liu">Liu</span> <span word="said">said</span>.</p><p><span word="But">But</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="collaborative">collaborative</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Texas">Texas</span> <span word="colleagues">colleagues</span>, <span word="Liu">Liu</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="electron">electron</span> <span word="microscope">microscope</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="examine">examine</span> <span word="quick">quick</span>-<span word="frozen">frozen</span> <span word="solutions">solutions</span> <span word="full">full</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="bacteria">bacteria</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="viruses">viruses</span>.</p><p>“<span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="freeze">freeze</span> <span word="it">it</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="snapshot">snapshot</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="captures">captures</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="intermediate">intermediate</span> <span word="stage">stage</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="highlights">highlights</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="study">study</span>, <span word="because">because</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="captured">captured</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="intermediate">intermediate</span> <span word="stage">stage</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="nobody">nobody</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="before">before</span>,” <span word="Liu">Liu</span> <span word="said">said</span>.</p><p><span word="This">This</span> <span word="sophisticated">sophisticated</span> <span word="technology">technology</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="applied">applied</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="particular">particular</span> <span word="virus">virus</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="study">study</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="useful">useful</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="studying">studying</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="viruses">viruses</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="future">future</span>, <span word="viruses">viruses</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="cause">cause</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="diseases">diseases</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="influenza">influenza</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="AIDS">AIDS</span>.</p>
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