New research hopes to speed development of HIV vaccine
<p><span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="VOA">VOA</span> <span word="Special">Special</span> <span word="English">English</span> <span word="Technology">Technology</span> <span word="Report">Report</span>.</p><p><span word="A">A</span> <span word="team">team</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="created">created</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="type">type</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="mouse">mouse</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="immune">immune</span> <span word="system">system</span> <span word="similar">similar</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="humans">humans</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="hope">hope</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="mice">mice</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="speed">speed</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="development">development</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="vaccine">vaccine</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="prevent">prevent</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="immunodeficiency">immunodeficiency</span> <span word="virus">virus</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="HIV">HIV</span>.</p><p><span word="Scientists">Scientists</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Ragon">Ragon</span> <span word="Institute">Institute</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</span> <span word="General">General</span> <span word="Hospital">Hospital</span>, <span word="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</span> <span word="Institute">Institute</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Technology">Technology</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Harvard">Harvard</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="carrying">carrying</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="research">research</span>.</p><p><span word="Earlier">Earlier</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="shown">shown</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="individuals">individuals</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="HIV">HIV</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="immune">immune</span> <span word="systems">systems</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="controlling">controlling</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="AIDS">AIDS</span> <span word="virus">virus</span>. <span word="These">These</span> <span word="individuals">individuals</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="commonly">commonly</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="as">as</span> “<span word="elite">elite</span> <span word="controllers">controllers</span>.” <span word="They">They</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="longer">longer</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="virus">virus</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="fewer">fewer</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="on">on</span>.</p><p><span word="Todd">Todd</span> <span word="Allen">Allen</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="writers">writers</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="study">study</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="published">published</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Science">Science</span> <span word="Translational">Translational</span> <span word="Medicine">Medicine</span>.</p><p><span word="TODD">TODD</span> <span word="ALLEN">ALLEN</span>: “<span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="control">control</span> <span word="HIV">HIV</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="well">well</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="low">low</span> <span word="copies">copies</span>. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="express">express</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="type">type</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="host">host</span> <span word="genetics">genetics</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="dictate">dictate</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="target">target</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="critical">critical</span> <span word="regions">regions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="virus">virus</span>.”</p><p><span word="By">By</span> <span word="using">using</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="experimental">experimental</span> <span word="mice">mice</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="hope">hope</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="immune">immune</span> <span word="systems">systems</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> “<span word="elite">elite</span> <span word="controllers">controllers</span>” <span word="that">that</span> <span word="causes">causes</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="deal">deal</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="HIV">HIV</span> <span word="virus">virus</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="others">others</span>.</p><p><span word="The">The</span> “<span word="humanized">humanized</span>” <span word="mice">mice</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="created">created</span> <span word="using">using</span> <span word="stem">stem</span> <span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="tissues">tissues</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="donors">donors</span>. <span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="tissue">tissue</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="liver">liver</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="thymus">thymus</span> <span word="tissue">tissue</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="thymus">thymus</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="gland">gland</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bottom">bottom</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="throat">throat</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="trains">trains</span> <span word="T">T</span>-<span word="lymphocytes">lymphocytes</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="T">T</span>-<span word="cells">cells</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="attack">attack</span> <span word="unwelcome">unwelcome</span> <span word="microbes">microbes</span>, <span word="thereby">thereby</span> <span word="protecting">protecting</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="body">body</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="infection">infection</span>.</p>
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