meili 发表于 2022-10-18 20:42:55

各种名词的翻译技巧(1)

<p>名词的种类很多,那么,这些名词的翻译方法都一样吗?让我们来学习各种名词的翻译技巧吧。</p><p>(一),名词的数</p><p>牢固掌握英语名词复数与单数的用词习惯,这是做好英语名词复数翻译的一个前提和基础。</p><p>1省译</p><p>① 英语的某些名词,总是以复数形式出现,这是因为他们表示的物体总是由两部分构成的。汉译时,不必理解为复数,更不必译为复数。如:<span word="glasses">glasses</span>,眼镜,<span word="trousers">trousers</span>裤子,<span word="shorts">shorts</span>短裤<span word="knickers">knickers</span>短衬裤,<span word="scissors">scissors</span>剪刀, <span word="caliper">caliper</span>圆规、卡尺,<span word="pincers">pincers</span>钳子,<span word="binoculars">binoculars</span>望远镜,等等。这类名词通常与<span word="a">a</span> <span word="pair">pair</span> <span word="of">of</span>搭配使用,如:<span word="a">a</span> <span word="pair">pair</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="scissors">scissors</span>一把剪刀,<span word="a">a</span> <span word="pair">pair</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="trousers">trousers</span>一副眼镜,等。</p><p>②表示群体的名词</p><p>汉语的某些名词本身就具有复数的意味,所以与之相应的英语复数名词汉译时,不必再强调它的复数含义。如:<span word="troops">troops</span>武装部队,<span word="forces">forces</span>军队,<span word="headquarters">headquarters</span>总部、司令部,<span word="staff">staff</span>楼梯, <span word="crossroads">crossroads</span>十字路口,<span word="contents">contents</span>目录,<span word="floods">floods</span>货物,<span word="masses">masses</span>群众,<span word="proceeds">proceeds</span>收益, <span word="belongings">belongings</span>财产,等等。</p><p>③表示类别等名词的复数省译</p><p>英语中,名词的复数形式可以表示类别,其中的复数没有真正的复数含义,汉译时毋须译出复数。如:</p><p><span word="lMineral">lMineral</span> <span word="oil">oil</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="useful">useful</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="industry">industry</span>.</p>
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