初中英语语法(动词不定式)讲解
<p>1.不定式的基本形式与结构</p><p>动词不定式指通常由<span word="to">to</span>加上动词原形 (如<span word="to">to</span> <span word="write">write</span>) 所构成的一种非限定性动词形式，但在有些情况下<span word="to">to</span>可以省略。动词不定式有进行体和完成体(如上<span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="writing">writing</span>，<span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="written">written</span>)，也有被动态(如<span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="written">written</span>)，所有的主动词，不论是及物动词还是不及物动词，也不论是动作动词还是状态动词，都有不定式形式。助动词除<span word="be">be</span>和<span word="have">have</span>外， 没有不定式形式。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。</p><p>2.不定式的用法</p><p>1)不定式结构作主语</p><p>1.<span word="Te">Te</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="contact">contact</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Taiwan">Taiwan</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="extremely">extremely</span> <span word="happy">happy</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="separated">separated</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> 40 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>.</p><p>2.<span word="To">To</span> <span word="finish">finish</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="task">task</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="short">short</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="really">really</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="challenge">challenge</span>.</p><p>在上述情况下，如果不定式较长，显得头重脚轻，则可由代词让作形式主语(形式主语<span word="it">it</span>不可由<span word="that">that</span>或<span word="this">this</span>等其他代词代替)，而将不定式放到后面。如：</p><p>1.<span word="It">It</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="extremely">extremely</span> <span word="happy">happy</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="contact">contact</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="family">family</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Taiwan">Taiwan</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="separated">separated</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> 40 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="ago">ago</span>. 2.<span word="John">John</span> <span word="admitted">admitted</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="time">time</span>.</p><p>不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的，即不定式的逻辑主语，通常可以通过<span word="for">for</span> <span word="sb">sb</span>. <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="sth">sth</span>. 结构表达： 1.<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="quite">quite</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="books">books</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="general">general</span> <span word="review">review</span>. 2.<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span> <span word="fot">fot</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="talented">talented</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="pass">pass</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="exam">exam</span>. 在某些形容词(如<span word="careless">careless</span>，<span word="clever">clever</span>，<span word="considerate">considerate</span>，<span word="foolish">foolish</span>，<span word="good">good</span>，<span word="impolite">impolite</span>，<span word="kind">kind</span>， <span word="naughty">naughty</span>，<span word="nice">nice</span>，<span word="silly">silly</span>，<span word="stupid">stupid</span>等)作表语时，不定式后可以加<span word="of">of</span>来引导出其逻辑主语： 1.<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="kind">kind</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="tell">tell</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="truth">truth</span>. 2.<span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="stupid">stupid</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="silly">silly</span> <span word="thing">thing</span>.</p>
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