英语顺口溜之限制与非限制性定语从句
<p>1.定从分类有奥妙, 限与非限看逗号;</p><p>定语从句分为两大类：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，区分它们有两个标准：1)从内容上看，限制性定语从句与它所修饰的先行词关系紧密，不可去掉，去掉后意思就不完整了;非限制性定语从句只对先行词起补充说明的作用，去掉后不影响句子的完整性。2)从形式上看，限制性定语从句与先行词之间没有逗号隔开，而非限制性定语从句与先行词之间有逗号隔开。请看例句：</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="girl">girl</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="wearing">wearing</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="blue">blue</span> <span word="necklace">necklace</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="Mary">Mary</span>.(限制性)</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="girl">girl</span>, <span word="who">who</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="student">student</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="planting">planting</span> <span word="trees">trees</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="field">field</span>.(非限制性)</p><p>解析：第一句中的<span word="who">who</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="wearing">wearing</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="blue">blue</span> <span word="necklace">necklace</span>是限制性定语从句，没有逗号，不那去掉，否则意思不完整。</p><p>定前必有先行词，名代两类最适宜;</p><p>例句：</p><p>1)<span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="somebody">somebody</span> <span word="here">here</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="wants">wants</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="speak">speak</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="you">you</span>.</p><p>有人要和你讲话。</p><p>2)<span word="Those">Those</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="plan">plan</span> <span word="raised">raised</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="hands">hands</span>.</p><p>那些赞成计划的举起了手。</p><p>3)<span word="This">This</span> <span word="novel">novel</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="times">times</span>, <span word="is">is</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="touching">touching</span>.</p><p>这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。</p><p>解析：例句中<span word="somebody">somebody</span>、<span word="those">those</span>是代词，<span word="novel">novel</span>是名词，是被定语从句修饰的词，叫做先行词，可以做先行词的是名词和代词两类。</p>
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