漫谈英语阅读能力的培养(二)
<p> 下面笔者结合实例谈一谈在《英语阅读（一）自学考试大纲》中要求考生掌握的几个阅读技巧。</p><p> 之一：了解句子的内部结构。在阅读实践中，考生常会碰到一些复杂的句型结构（如关系从句、复合结构），一时无从下手而极大地影响阅读速度。这里就有个技巧问题，即要善于寻找句子的“核心”（主谓结构）。比如，第10单元的第21课的第一段是这样开头的："<span word="I">I</span> <span word="woke">woke</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="six">six</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="morning">morning</span>; <span word="and">and</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="George">George</span> <span word="awake">awake</span> <span word="too">too</span>. <span word="We">We</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="turned">turned</span> <span word="round">round</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="tried">tried</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span> <span word="again">again</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="not">not</span>. (：) <span word="Had">Had</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="particular">particular</span> <span word="reason">reason</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="gone">gone</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span> <span word="again">again</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="got">got</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="dressed">dressed</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="there">there</span>, <span word="we">we</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="dropped">dropped</span> <span word="off">off</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="looking">looking</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="watches">watches</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="slept">slept</span> <span word="till">till</span> <span word="ten">ten</span>. (；) <span word="As">As</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="earthly">earthly</span> <span word="necessity">necessity</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="getting">getting</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="least">least</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="getting">getting</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="utter">utter</span> <span word="absurdity">absurdity</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="keeping">keeping</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="natural">natural</span> <span word="cussedness">cussedness</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="general">general</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="lying">lying</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="minutes">minutes</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="death">death</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="us">us</span>." (1)句和(2)句是相当复杂的句子。(1)句是省略了<span word="if">if</span>而将助动词<span word="had">had</span>提至句首的合虚拟语气</p><p> 的句子。考生可先找到句子的核心部分（即主句）：<span word="We">We</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="dropped">dropped</span> <span word="off">off</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="slept">slept</span> <span word="till">till</span> <span word="ten">ten</span>.（其中主语为<span word="we">we</span>，谓语为<span word="should">should</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="dropped">dropped</span> <span word="off">off</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="slept">slept</span>）；前面的条件状语从句中又包含一个由<span word="why">why</span>引起的定语从句；主语从句后又有一个<span word="while">while</span>引起的时间状语从句。同样，在理解(2)句时，也应先找出它的核心部分。经过仔细阅读可以看出，(2)句的主句部分使用的是强调句型(<span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> + 被强调的由介词<span word="in">in</span>引导的状语部分+<span word="that">that</span> <span word="clause">clause</span>)，前面是由<span word="as">as</span>引起的原因状语从句。(1)和(2)的字面意思是：“假如我们当时有什么特别的理由不该再睡，而是马上起来穿衣服的话，那我们在看手表的时候就会落枕便睡，而且一醒来就是10：00。既然我们想不出有什么必要至少再过两个小时后起床，而且那时起床又实在太荒唐，那么我们俩都感到在床上再躺五分钟会要了我们的命，是完全符合时间的事物天生就是别扭的这条规律。”说的白一点意即：一个人如果你不让他睡觉，他会倒头便睡，并睡得很香；如果你让他无忧无虑地睡觉，他也许会睡意全无。如果考生在阅读时抓不住核心，不能明白(1)、(2)句的内部结构，要真正理解这样的句子是很困难的。</p>
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