用Migrant/expat/refugee来描述离开家乡的人们
<p>继 <span word="refugee">refugee</span> 一词成为去年牛津辞典年度词汇候选词之一后，今年它又当选为牛津2016年儿童年度词汇（参考2016年年度儿童词汇为：<span word="refugee">refugee</span>）。在2015年，很多人开始更多关注 <span word="refugee">refugee</span> 一词，因而出现使用高峰，这种情况很大程度上是因为不断增多的有关叙利亚人民为了逃避国家内战而逃往欧洲的资讯报道。通过在牛津新监控语料库中搜寻与之搭配的词汇，我们发现，<span word="Syrian">Syrian</span>（叙利亚的；叙利亚人）确实是最常搭配 <span word="refugee">refugee</span> 一词，随后依次为 <span word="Palestinian">Palestinian</span> / 巴勒斯坦的、<span word="Afghan">Afghan</span> / 阿富汗的、<span word="Somali">Somali</span> / 索马里的，以及 <span word="Sudanese">Sudanese</span> / 苏丹的。</p><p><span word="Syrian">Syrian</span> 是与 <span word="refugee">refugee</span> 一词搭配最多频次的词汇，每10亿词出现23626次</p><p><span word="Refugees">Refugees</span> / 难民 和 <span word="migrants">migrants</span> / 流动工人；移居者</p><p>由于叙利亚难民危机在2015年底占据资讯头条，英语世界的媒体也开始了一场有关 <span word="refugee">refugee</span> 和 <span word="migrant">migrant</span> 两个词汇意义的辩论。<span word="OxfordDictionaries">OxfordDictionaries</span>.<span word="com">com</span> 平台给出的定义分别为 <span word="refugee">refugee</span>：<span word="a">a</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="forced">forced</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="country">country</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="escape">escape</span> <span word="war">war</span>, <span word="persecution">persecution</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="natural">natural</span> <span word="disaster">disaster</span>，而 <span word="migrant">migrant</span>：<span word="a">a</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="moves">moves</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="place">place</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="conditions">conditions</span>。</p><p><span word="Refugee">Refugee</span> 定义的关键词是“<span word="forced">forced</span>”。难民并非自愿离开自己的国家，而是在自己的国家内面对直接的死亡威胁或迫害而“被迫”逃离。尽管这两个英文单词在很多媒体上交换使用，但在此做以明确区分是很重要的。一位 <span word="refugee">refugee</span> 与 <span word="migrant">migrant</span> 相比是享有一定国际法权利的，这给予了 <span word="refugee">refugee</span> 一词一定的法律维度。事实上，根据牛津语料库，形容词 <span word="illegal">illegal</span> （非法的）倒是常常与 <span word="migrant">migrant</span> 搭配，搭配出现的频率高于任何其他形容词。</p>
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