动物社会里也有道德感吗?
<p>你知道吗?人类不是唯一能够体验复杂情感和拥有道德观的物种哦。研究动物行为的科学家称，越来越多的证据表明，从老鼠到灵长目动物，它们的行为与人类一样都受到道德准则的约束。让我们来认识一下这些动物吧!</p><p><span word="Until">Until</span> <span word="recently">recently</span>, <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="thought">thought</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="species">species</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="experience">experience</span> <span word="complex">complex</span> <span word="emotions">emotions</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sense">sense</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="morality">morality</span>.</p><p><span word="But">But</span> <span word="Prof">Prof</span> <span word="Marc">Marc</span> <span word="Bekoff">Bekoff</span>, <span word="an">an</span> <span word="ecologist">ecologist</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Colorado">Colorado</span>, <span word="Boulder">Boulder</span>, <span word="believes">believes</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="morals">morals</span> <span word="are">are</span> “<span word="hard">hard</span>-<span word="wired">wired</span>” <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brains">brains</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="mammals">mammals</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="provide">provide</span> <span word="the">the</span> “<span word="social">social</span> <span word="glue">glue</span>” <span word="that">that</span> <span word="allow">allow</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="aggressive">aggressive</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="competitive">competitive</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="together">together</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="groups">groups</span>.</p><p><span word="He">He</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="compiled">compiled</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="around">around</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="shows">shows</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="species">species</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="appear">appear</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="innate">innate</span> <span word="sense">sense</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="fairness">fairness</span>, <span word="display">display</span> <span word="empathy">empathy</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="distress">distress</span>.</p><p><span word="Prof">Prof</span> <span word="Bekoff">Bekoff</span>, <span word="who">who</span> <span word="presents">presents</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="case">case</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="Wild">Wild</span> <span word="Justice">Justice</span>, <span word="said">said</span>: “<span word="The">The</span> <span word="belief">belief</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="morality">morality</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="don">don</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="long">long</span>-<span word="standing">standing</span> <span word="assumption">assumption</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="growing">growing</span> <span word="amount">amount</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="showing">showing</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="simply">simply</span> <span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="case">case</span>.”</p><p><span word="WOLVES">WOLVES</span></p><p><span word="Wolves">Wolves</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="tight">tight</span>-<span word="knit">knit</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="groups">groups</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="regulated">regulated</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="strict">strict</span> <span word="rules">rules</span>. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pack">pack</span> <span word="grows">grows</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="large">large</span>, <span word="members">members</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="bond">bond</span> <span word="closely">closely</span> <span word="enough">enough</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="packdisintegrates">packdisintegrates</span>. <span word="Wolves">Wolves</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="demonstrate">demonstrate</span> <span word="fairness">fairness</span>.</p>
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