动物们的各种行为动作都只是为了玩耍?
<p>雪后的山坡上，乌鸦像孩子一样滑雪嬉戏，玩得不亦乐乎，这样的一幕总会让人感到惊奇。其实，很多动物都很有“娱乐精神”，比如袋鼠会拳击，狐狸会蹦床，章鱼会玩玩具，鱼儿会相互追逐和跳跃……那么问题来了：对于动物们来说，这些行为真的只是玩耍那么简单吗?科学家们好像发现了其他的答案……</p><p><span word="Perched">Perched</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="edge">edge</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="snowy">snowy</span> <span word="slope">slope</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="youngster">youngster</span> <span word="drops">drops</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="small">small</span>, <span word="makeshift">makeshift</span> <span word="sled">sled</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="feet">feet</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="steps">steps</span> <span word="onto">onto</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="glides">glides</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="incline">incline</span>, <span word="struggling">struggling</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="balance">balance</span>. <span word="When">When</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sled">sled</span> <span word="slows">slows</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="stop">stop</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="picks">picks</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="trudges">trudges</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="top">top</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="go">go</span>. <span word="Again">Again</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="again">again</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="swoops">swoops</span> <span word="down">down</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="slope">slope</span>.</p><p><span word="This">This</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="scene">scene</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="child">child</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="snow">snow</span> <span word="day">day</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="it">it</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="description">description</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sledding">sledding</span> <span word="crow">crow</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="happened">happened</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="captured">captured</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="camera">camera</span>. <span word="Even">Even</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="remind">remind</span> <span word="yourself">yourself</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="prone">prone</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="misleading">misleading</span> <span word="ourselves">ourselves</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="anthropomorphizing">anthropomorphizing</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="animals">animals</span>, <span word="it">it</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="crow">crow</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="playful">playful</span>. <span word="Without">Without</span> <span word="additional">additional</span> <span word="context">context</span>, <span word="it">it</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="crow">crow</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="really">really</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="to">to</span> , <span word="but">but</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="crow">crow</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="couple">couple</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="identify">identify</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="play">play</span>: <span word="His">His</span> <span word="actions">actions</span> <span word="appear">appear</span> <span word="voluntary">voluntary</span>, <span word="yet">yet</span> <span word="pointless">pointless</span>—<span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="obvious">obvious</span> <span word="function">function</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="benefit">benefit</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="he">he</span>’<span word="s">s</span> <span word="doing">doing</span>—<span word="and">and</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="repeats">repeats</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="action">action</span> <span word="several">several</span> <span word="times">times</span>.</p><p><span word="As">As</span> <span word="anyone">anyone</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="accidentally">accidentally</span> <span word="spent">spent</span> <span word="hours">hours</span> <span word="playing">playing</span> <span word="Candy">Candy</span> <span word="Crush">Crush</span> <span word="knows">knows</span>, <span word="play">play</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="fun">fun</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="costly">costly</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="takes">takes</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="spent">spent</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="productive">productive</span>, <span word="or">or</span>, <span word="even">even</span> <span word="worse">worse</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="dangerous">dangerous</span>: <span word="Hundreds">Hundreds</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="seriously">seriously</span> <span word="injured">injured</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="snowboarding">snowboarding</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="skiing">skiing</span> <span word="accidents">accidents</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="year">year</span>. <span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="surprisingly">surprisingly</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="animal">animal</span> <span word="kingdom">kingdom</span>. <span word="Kangaroos">Kangaroos</span> <span word="box">box</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="fun">fun</span>, <span word="octopuses">octopuses</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="toys">toys</span>, <span word="foxes">foxes</span> <span word="jump">jump</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="trampolines">trampolines</span>, <span word="fish">fish</span> <span word="jump">jump</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="chase">chase</span>. <span word="Even">Even</span> <span word="wasps">wasps</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="shown">shown</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="play">play</span> <span word="fighting">fighting</span>.</p>
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