“眼镜蛇效果”：好心办外事的英文说法
<p>想办法解决问题，结果办法却让情况更糟糕?在英文表达中，这被称为“眼镜蛇效果”。</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="cobra">cobra</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="occurs">occurs</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="attempted">attempted</span> <span word="solution">solution</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="makes">makes</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="worse">worse</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="instance">instance</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="unintended">unintended</span> <span word="consequences">consequences</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="term">term</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="illustrate">illustrate</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="causes">causes</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="incorrect">incorrect</span> <span word="stimulation">stimulation</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="economy">economy</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="politics">politics</span>.</p><p>“眼睛蛇效果”指的是之前尝试解决问题的措施最终却使问题恶化。这是一种意外后果的例证，用来说明在经济和政治上的不正确刺激的成因。</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="term">term</span> <span word="cobra">cobra</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="stems">stems</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="anecdote">anecdote</span> <span word="set">set</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="British">British</span> <span word="rule">rule</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="colonial">colonial</span> <span word="India">India</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="British">British</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="concerned">concerned</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="venomous">venomous</span> <span word="cobra">cobra</span> <span word="snakes">snakes</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Delhi">Delhi</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="therefore">therefore</span> <span word="offered">offered</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="bounty">bounty</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="dead">dead</span> <span word="cobra">cobra</span>. <span word="Initially">Initially</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="successful">successful</span> <span word="strategy">strategy</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="numbers">numbers</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="snakes">snakes</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="killed">killed</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="reward">reward</span>. <span word="Eventually">Eventually</span>, <span word="however">however</span>, <span word="enterprising">enterprising</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="began">began</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="breed">breed</span> <span word="cobras">cobras</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="income">income</span>.</p><p>这个词来源于英国殖民印度时期的一桩轶事。英国政府非常担心德里有毒的眼镜蛇的数量问题，因此按照每人上交的死蛇数量发给奖金。最初这个办法很成功，人们为了争得奖金杀死了很多眼镜蛇。但最终，有胆量的印度人开始养殖眼镜蛇来挣钱。</p><p><span word="When">When</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="became">became</span> <span word="aware">aware</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="reward">reward</span> <span word="program">program</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="scrapped">scrapped</span>, <span word="causing">causing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cobra">cobra</span> <span word="breeders">breeders</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="set">set</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="now">now</span>-<span word="worthless">worthless</span> <span word="snakes">snakes</span> <span word="free">free</span>. <span word="As">As</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="result">result</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="wild">wild</span> <span word="cobra">cobra</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="further">further</span> <span word="increased">increased</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="apparent">apparent</span> <span word="solution">solution</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="situation">situation</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="worse">worse</span>.</p>
页:
[1]