例题解析：独立主格结构例题
<p><span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="far">far</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="garden">garden</span>, _________ <span word="owner">owner</span> <span word="seated">seated</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="playing">playing</span> <span word="chess">chess</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="grandson">grandson</span> <span word="every">every</span> <span word="afternoon">afternoon</span>.</p><p><span word="A">A</span>. <span word="its">its</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="whose">whose</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="which">which</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="that">that</span></p><p>【分析】此题很容易误选<span word="B">B</span>，许多同学会认为句中逗号后是一个非限制性的定语从句，<span word="whose">whose</span> 在定语从句中用作定语修饰其后的名词 <span word="owner">owner</span>。此分析从表面上看，似乎天衣无缝，但实质上是错的，原因是空格后根本不是一个句子，因为没有谓语。尽管句中有两个动词，但它们都是非谓语动词。也许有的同学认为，其中的 <span word="seated">seated</span> 可视为谓语动词，但是注意，<span word="seat">seat</span> 用作动词时，它总是及物的，其后要么接宾语，要么它就用于被动语态，所以若在 <span word="seated">seated</span> 前加上助动词 <span word="is">is</span>，则可以选择<span word="B">B</span>(当然若将 <span word="seated">seated</span> (当然若将 <span word="seated">seated</span> <span word="sitting">sitting</span>，也应选择<span word="B">B</span>)。所以此题最佳答案选<span word="A">A</span>。请再看一个类似的例子： (1) <span word="He">He</span> <span word="wrote">wrote</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="novels">novels</span>, <span word="many">many</span> <span word="of">of</span> _________ <span word="translated">translated</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="languages">languages</span>.</p><p><span word="A">A</span>. <span word="it">it</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="them">them</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="this">this</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="that">that</span></p><p>(2) <span word="He">He</span> <span word="wrote">wrote</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="novels">novels</span>, <span word="many">many</span> <span word="of">of</span> _________ <span word="were">were</span> <span word="translated">translated</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="languages">languages</span>.<span word="A">A</span>. <span word="it">it</span> <span word="B">B</span>. <span word="them">them</span> <span word="C">C</span>. <span word="which">which</span> <span word="D">D</span>. <span word="that">that</span></p><p>第(1)应选<span word="B">B</span>，而不能选<span word="C">C</span>，是因为句中的 <span word="translated">translated</span> 是过去分词(非谓语动词)，若选<span word="C">C</span>，则该从句无谓语;第(2)应选<span word="C">C</span>，因为句中有谓语 <span word="were">were</span> <span word="translatedC">translatedC</span>。</p><p>再请看下面一例：(3) <span word="He">He</span> <span word="wrote">wrote</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="novels">novels</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="of">of</span> _________ <span word="were">were</span> <span word="translated">translated</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="foreign">foreign</span> <span word="languages">languages</span>.</p>
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