英语语法精讲之焦点副词
<p>一、何谓焦点副词所谓焦点副词就是指对所修饰的词进行强调，使之成为人们注意的焦点的副词。这类副词常见的有<span word="only">only</span>, <span word="alone">alone</span>, <span word="also">also</span>, <span word="even">even</span>, <span word="just">just</span>, <span word="merely">merely</span>, <span word="really">really</span>, <span word="simply">simply</span>, <span word="mainly">mainly</span>, <span word="chiefly">chiefly</span>, <span word="especially">especially</span>, <span word="exactly">exactly</span> 等。如：<span word="That">That</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="think">think</span>. 那正是我所想的。<span word="Only">Only</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="well">well</span>. 你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。<span word="Even">Even</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="schoolboy">schoolboy</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="manage">manage</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="story">story</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="that">that</span>. 连小学生写的故事都比那个好。</p><p><span word="People">People</span>, <span word="especially">especially</span> <span word="youngsters">youngsters</span> <span word="don">don</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="seem">seem</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="polite">polite</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="days">days</span>. 如今人们，尤其是年轻人好像不那么讲礼貌了。</p><p>二、焦点副词的位置焦点副词通常位于它所修饰的词语之前。如：<span word="Even">Even</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="child">child</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="it">it</span>. 即使是小孩也会做。<span word="This">This</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="mainly">mainly</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="boys">boys</span>. 这所学校主要招收男孩。但是，也有的焦点副词(如<span word="alone">alone</span>)总是放在所修饰的词语之后。如：<span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="alone">alone</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="work">work</span>. 只有汤姆能做这工作。比较：只有汤姆要来帮助我们。(<span word="alone">alone</span> 为焦点副词) <span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="coming">coming</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="alone">alone</span>. 汤姆将一个人来帮助我们。(<span word="alone">alone</span> 为方式副词)</p><p>三、两组对照的例子焦点副词在句中的位置不同可能会导致句子意思的变化。如：<span word="Only">Only</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="kissed">kissed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="girl">girl</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="night">night</span>. 昨晚只有这个男孩吻了这个女孩。(即别人没吻她)<span word="The">The</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="kissed">kissed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="girl">girl</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="night">night</span>. 昨晚这个男孩只是吻了这个女孩。(昨晚这个男孩只是吻了这个女孩。即没干别的事)<span word="The">The</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="kissed">kissed</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="girl">girl</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="night">night</span>. 昨晚这男孩吻的只有这女孩。(即没吻过别人)<span word="The">The</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="kissed">kissed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="girl">girl</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="night">night</span> [<span word="last">last</span> <span word="night">night</span> <span word="only">only</span>]. 这男孩只是在昨晚才吻了这女孩。(即其他时候未吻过)请再看一组例子：<span word="Even">Even</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="doesn">doesn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="me">me</span>. 甚至到现在他还不相信我。(其他时候就不用说了)<span word="Now">Now</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="doesn">doesn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="me">me</span>. 现在连他都不相信我了。(其他人就更不会相信我了)<span word="Now">Now</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="doesn">doesn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="me">me</span>. 现在他甚至不相信我了。(现在他甚至不相信我了。其他方面的事就更不可能了)<span word="Now">Now</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="doesn">doesn</span>’<span word="t">t</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="me">me</span>. 现在他甚至连我都不相信了。(其他人就更不会相信了)</p>
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