高中英语语法详解：现在完成时的基本概念详解
<p>现在完成时由“<span word="have">have</span>/<span word="has">has</span>+过去分词”构成,主要有两个含义：</p><p>一、①表示动作发生在过去,但与现在的情况有联系,有时无时间状语,有时和一些表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,</p><p>如：<span word="many">many</span> <span word="times">times</span>,<span word="just">just</span>,<span word="yet">yet</span>,<span word="ever">ever</span>,<span word="never">never</span>,<span word="just">just</span>,<span word="already">already</span>,<span word="before">before</span>,<span word="so">so</span> <span word="far">far</span>,<span word="by">by</span> <span word="now">now</span>等连用.</p><p>②表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在并还可能继续延续下去的动作,用于延续性动词,且句中常带有表示一段时间的时间状语,</p><p>如：<span word="since">since</span> + 时间点/从句,<span word="for">for</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="months">months</span>,<span word="so">so</span> <span word="far">far</span>等.</p><p>二 、1)现在完成时和一般过去时都能表示过去发生过的动作,但现在完成时表示过去动作对现在的影响,并且表示这一动作已完成或还可能继续下去;</p><p>2)而一般过去时与现在的情况没有联系,仅表示过去的动作,且这一动作到说话时已终止.因此现在完成时不能与表示明确的过去时间</p><p>如：<span word="in">in</span>1949,<span word="yesterday">yesterday</span>,<span word="last">last</span> <span word="week">week</span>等的状语连用,并且用<span word="when">when</span>或<span word="where">where</span>对这些时间和地点状语提问时,一般只用一般过去时.</p><p>三、在“<span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="first">first</span>/<span word="second">second</span>...<span word="time">time</span> <span word="that">that</span>.”或在“<span word="it">it</span>/<span word="this">this</span>/<span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> +最高级+名词+<span word="that">that</span>.”结构中,<span word="that">that</span>从句中的动词常用现在完成时;</p><p>在“<span word="it">it</span> + <span word="be">be</span> ...+<span word="since">since</span>从句”这一结构中,<span word="be">be</span>可用一般现在时或现在完成时,<span word="since">since</span>从句一般用过去时.</p>
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