高中英语语法详解之定语从句中的先行词
<p>在定语从句中，先行词有着至关重要的作用。</p><p>要点提示：</p><p>1)"先行词"与"关系词"的内在联系"先行词"与"关系词"之间实质上是互等、互换的关系。也就是说，关系词的作用就是将先行词所表达意义"代到"从句中来起作用。</p><p>例如：<span word="They">They</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="easily">easily</span> <span word="frightened">frightened</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="uneasy">uneasy</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="situations">situations</span> (先行词)<span word="where">where</span> (关系词)<span word="people">people</span> <span word="normally">normally</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="afraid">afraid</span> .他们常在人们一般不会感到害怕的情况下却很容易感到恐惧或是感到不自在。(本句中的关系词<span word="where">where</span> = 先行词(<span word="in">in</span>)<span word="situations">situations</span> 。</p><p>如果把这个复合句拆成两个分句，那就是：<span word="They">They</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="become">become</span> <span word="easily">easily</span> <span word="frightened">frightened</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="uneasy">uneasy</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="situations">situations</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="normally">normally</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="afraid">afraid</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="situations">situations</span> 由此可以看出，"先行词"与"关系词"之间实质上是互等、互换的关系)。</p><p>又例如：<span word="Rude">Rude</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="those">those</span> (先行词) <span word="whose">whose</span> (关系词)<span word="behavior">behavior</span> <span word="shows">shows</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="respect">respect</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rules">rules</span>(先行词) <span word="that">that</span>(关系词) <span word="the">the</span> <span word="majority">majority</span> <span word="follows">follows</span> .不讲礼貌的人是指那些，他们的行为对大多数人所遵从的规则并不表示尊敬的人。</p><p>由此我们还可以看出，"先行词"往往是分别重复出现在两个分句中的名词或代词。这也就是我们做定语从句的条件之必需。否则，"关系词"就无法去替代"先行词"而构筑定语从句了。这个道理就如同我们在计算机上"做剪贴以前要先做复制"一样。)</p>
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