老外告诉你：什么时候该“被动”?
<p>英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态的主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态的主语则是动作的承受者。虽然英语中被动语态出现的频率要比中文里高得多，但是被动语态可不是你想用就能用的哟。</p><p>在讲解被动态的适用范围之前，我们先来复习一下被动态的结构：<span word="be">be</span>+<span word="done">done</span>，即<span word="be">be</span>动词体现时态再加上被执行动作的过去分词。现在，小编分别举一个主动句和一个被动句，你们感受一下主动句和被动句的差别。</p><p><span word="France">France</span> <span word="beat">beat</span> <span word="Brazil">Brazil</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="final">final</span>. [<span word="active">active</span>]</p><p>在总决赛中，法国打败了巴西。(主动态)</p><p><span word="Brazil">Brazil</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="beaten">beaten</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="France">France</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="final">final</span>. [<span word="passive">passive</span>]</p><p>在总决赛中巴西被法国打败了。(被动态)</p><p>解析：这两个句子传递的信息是完全不一样的。第一句中，主语<span word="France">France</span>执行动作<span word="beat">beat</span>，第二句里，上句中的宾语<span word="Brazil">Brazil</span>变成了被动态的主语，而上句中的主语<span word="France">France</span>则需要通过<span word="by">by</span>来引导，甚至可以省略为：</p><p><span word="Brazil">Brazil</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="beaten">beaten</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="final">final</span>.</p><p>巴西在总决赛中被打败。</p><p>被动语态适用的几种情况</p><p>(注：由于中英差异，英文的被动态不一定需要用中文体现。)</p><p>(1)动作的执行者不明</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="dress">dress</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="stolen">stolen</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="hotel">hotel</span> <span word="room">room</span>.</p>
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