“众包”时代来了
<p> 去年被牛津英语词典收录的网络词汇除了“粉丝”、“关注”等与社交媒体紧密相关的表达以外，引领新型运营模式的“众包”（<span word="crowdsourcing">crowdsourcing</span>）一词也被收录其中。今天我们就来详细介绍一下这个词。</p><p> </p><p> <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="familiar">familiar</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="established">established</span> <span word="concept">concept</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="outsourcing">outsourcing</span>, <span word="defined">defined</span> <span word="as">as</span> '<span word="an">an</span> <span word="arrangement">arrangement</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="outside">outside</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="company">company</span> …'. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="definition">definition</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="fit">fit</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="instance">instance</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="crowdsourcing">crowdsourcing</span> <span word="too">too</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="essential">essential</span> <span word="difference">difference</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="that">that</span>, <span word="whereas">whereas</span> <span word="outsourcing">outsourcing</span> <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="involves">involves</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="specific">specific</span>, <span word="previously">previously</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="person">person</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="organization">organization</span> (<span word="often">often</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="expert">expert</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="particular">particular</span> <span word="field">field</span>) <span word="crowdsourcing">crowdsourcing</span> <span word="refers">refers</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="task">task</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="thrown">thrown</span> <span word="open">open</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="undefined">undefined</span> <span word="public">public</span> (<span word="the">the</span> <span word="crowd">crowd</span>) – <span word="quite">quite</span> <span word="literally">literally</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="Tom">Tom</span>, <span word="Dick">Dick</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="Harry">Harry</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="possibly">possibly</span> <span word="provide">provide</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="answer">answer</span>.</p><p> 我们很多人都已经对“外包”这个概念比较熟悉，它的意思是“安排本公司以外的人来完成某项工作”。这个概念在一些特定场合下也适用于<span word="crowdsourcing">crowdsourcing</span>（众包），不过二者本质的区别在于，外包一般是由某个指定的、之前已经熟识的人或者组织（通常是某个领域的专家）来完成，而众包则是将某个任务或问题抛给未知的大众——可以是张三、李四，或任何一个可能贡献答案或解决方法的人。</p><p> <span word="Fast">Fast</span> <span word="establishing">establishing</span> <span word="itself">itself</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="legitimate">legitimate</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="tool">tool</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="perceived">perceived</span> <span word="benefits">benefits</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="crowdsourcing">crowdsourcing</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="obvious">obvious</span> – <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="explored">explored</span> <span word="quickly">quickly</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="comparatively">comparatively</span> <span word="low">low</span> <span word="cost">cost</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="businesses">businesses</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="tap">tap</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="range">range</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="talent">talent</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="exist">exist</span> <span word="within">within</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="confines">confines</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="particular">particular</span> <span word="organization">organization</span>. <span word="It">It</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="useful">useful</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="marketing">marketing</span> <span word="purposes">purposes</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="crowd">crowd</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="include">include</span> <span word="potential">potential</span> <span word="customers">customers</span> – <span word="asking">asking</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="response">response</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="glean">glean</span> <span word="information">information</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="want">want</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="product">product</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="service">service</span>.</p>
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