现代都市的“垂直扩张”
<p> 高层建筑可以容纳更多人，但如果在狭小的区域内集中过多的高层建筑，可能会导致过度拥挤，基础设施跟不上以及资源不够用等问题，这就是我们今天要说的现代都市都会面临的“垂直扩张”（<span word="vertical">vertical</span> <span word="sprawl">sprawl</span>）问题。</p><p> </p><p> <span word="Vertical">Vertical</span> <span word="sprawl">sprawl</span> <span word="refers">refers</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="unplanned">unplanned</span> <span word="addition">addition</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="high">high</span>-<span word="rise">rise</span> <span word="buildings">buildings</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="relatively">relatively</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="area">area</span>, <span word="leading">leading</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="traffic">traffic</span>, <span word="parking">parking</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="infrastructure">infrastructure</span>, <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="lessening">lessening</span> <span word="culture">culture</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="quality">quality</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="life">life</span>.</p><p> <span word="Vertical">Vertical</span> <span word="sprawl">sprawl</span>指在一个相对较小的区域内杂乱无序地增建大量高层建筑，从而导致交通、停车、基础设施等方面的问题，同时还会削弱社区文化并降低生活质量。我们称之为“垂直扩张”。</p><p> <span word="This">This</span> <span word="phrase">phrase</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="horizontal">horizontal</span> <span word="cousin">cousin</span>, <span word="urban">urban</span> <span word="sprawl">sprawl</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="OED">OED</span> <span word="defines">defines</span>, <span word="tidily">tidily</span>, <span word="as">as</span> "<span word="the">the</span> <span word="uncontrolled">uncontrolled</span> <span word="expansion">expansion</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="urban">urban</span> <span word="area">area</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="surrounding">surrounding</span> <span word="countryside">countryside</span>," <span word="and">and</span> <span word="traces">traces</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="to">to</span> 1934. (<span word="Source">Source</span>: <span word="Word">Word</span> <span word="Spy">Spy</span>)</p><p> 这个词是在表示水平扩张的短语“城市扩张”（<span word="urban">urban</span> <span word="sprawl">sprawl</span>）基础上演化而来的，牛津英语词典对“城市扩张”的定义为“城市向周边农村无序扩张”，该词的使用可以追溯到1934年。</p>
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