群体极化 group polarization
<p> 都说集体的力量大，这句话放在很多场合还真的很适用。所以，社会心理学就有了“群体极化（<span word="group">group</span> <span word="polarization">polarization</span>）”这样一个名词。</p><p> </p><p> <span word="In">In</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="psychology">psychology</span>, <span word="group">group</span> <span word="polarization">polarization</span> <span word="refers">refers</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="tendency">tendency</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="groups">groups</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="decisions">decisions</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="extreme">extreme</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="initial">initial</span> <span word="inclination">inclination</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="members">members</span>. <span word="These">These</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="extreme">extreme</span> <span word="decisions">decisions</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="towards">towards</span> <span word="greater">greater</span> <span word="risk">risk</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="individuals">individuals</span>' <span word="initial">initial</span> <span word="tendencies">tendencies</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="risky">risky</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="towards">towards</span> <span word="greater">greater</span> <span word="caution">caution</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="individuals">individuals</span>' <span word="initial">initial</span> <span word="tendencies">tendencies</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="cautious">cautious</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="phenomenon">phenomenon</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="holds">holds</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="group">group</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="attitude">attitude</span> <span word="toward">toward</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="situation">situation</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sense">sense</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="individuals">individuals</span>' <span word="initial">initial</span> <span word="attitudes">attitudes</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="strengthened">strengthened</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="intensified">intensified</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="group">group</span> <span word="discussion">discussion</span>.</p><p> 在社会心理学中，群体极化（<span word="group">group</span> <span word="polarization">polarization</span>）指群体所作的决定一般都比其成员最初的意向更加极端。如果个人最初的意向是要冒险的话，那么群体的决定会更加冒险；而如果个人最初的想法趋于谨慎的话，那么群体的决策会更加谨慎。这种现象也说明群体态度的变化趋势是个人最初态度经过集体讨论后被强化的表现。</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="phenomenon">phenomenon</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="shown">shown</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="participating">participating</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="discussion">discussion</span> <span word="group">group</span>, <span word="members">members</span> <span word="tend">tend</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="advocate">advocate</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="extreme">extreme</span> <span word="positions">positions</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="call">call</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="riskier">riskier</span> <span word="courses">courses</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="action">action</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="individuals">individuals</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="participate">participate</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="discussion">discussion</span>.</p><p> 这个现象表明，与那些没有参与任何群体的人相比，群体内的成员倾向于采取更加极端和冒险的行为方式和立场。</p>
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