官僚机构的“红带文件”
<p> 只要有官僚机构的地方，肯定就有走不完的办事程序。先提交申请表，然后准备各类材料，到不同的机构盖章，最后才有可能办成你想办的事。这样的官僚行政程序在英语里叫<span word="red">red</span> <span word="tape">tape</span>。</p><p> </p><p> <span word="Red">Red</span> <span word="tape">tape</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="excessive">excessive</span> <span word="regulation">regulation</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="rigid">rigid</span> <span word="conformity">conformity</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="formal">formal</span> <span word="rules">rules</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="considered">considered</span> <span word="redundant">redundant</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="bureaucratic">bureaucratic</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="hinders">hinders</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="prevents">prevents</span> <span word="action">action</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="decision">decision</span>-<span word="making">making</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="applied">applied</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="governments">governments</span>, <span word="corporations">corporations</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="organizations">organizations</span>.</p><p> <span word="Red">Red</span> <span word="tape">tape</span>指大量多余又官僚的规定和死板章程，这些章程会阻碍行动或决策，中文译作“繁文缛节”或“官僚程序”，多见于政府、公司集团以及其他大型组织机构。</p><p> <span word="Red">Red</span> <span word="tape">tape</span> <span word="generally">generally</span> <span word="includes">includes</span> <span word="filling">filling</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="paperwork">paperwork</span>, <span word="obtaining">obtaining</span> <span word="licenses">licenses</span>, <span word="having">having</span> <span word="multiple">multiple</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="committees">committees</span> <span word="approve">approve</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="decision">decision</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="various">various</span> <span word="low">low</span>-<span word="level">level</span> <span word="rules">rules</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="conducting">conducting</span> <span word="one">one</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="affairs">affairs</span> <span word="slower">slower</span>, <span word="more">more</span> <span word="difficult">difficult</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="both">both</span>.</p><p> 这些官僚程序通常包括填表格、获取许可证、由多人或某个委员会商议批准某个决定，以及各种各样让办事程序漫长又困难的低级别规定。</p><p> <span word="It">It</span> <span word="appears">appears</span> <span word="likely">likely</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Spanish">Spanish</span> <span word="administration">administration</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Charles">Charles</span> <span word="V">V</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="early">early</span> 16<span word="th">th</span> <span word="century">century</span>, <span word="who">who</span> <span word="started">started</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="red">red</span> <span word="tape">tape</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="effort">effort</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="modernize">modernize</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="administration">administration</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="running">running</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="vast">vast</span> <span word="empire">empire</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="red">red</span> <span word="tape">tape</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="bind">bind</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="administrative">administrative</span> <span word="dossiers">dossiers</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="discussed">discussed</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Council">Council</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="State">State</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="separate">separate</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="issues">issues</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="treated">treated</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="ordinary">ordinary</span> <span word="administrative">administrative</span> <span word="way">way</span>, <span word="which">which</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="bound">bound</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="ordinary">ordinary</span> <span word="rope">rope</span>.</p>
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