鸡尾酒会效应 cocktail party effect
<p> 你身处一场热闹的派对，音乐声、说笑声不绝于耳。你和同伴聊天都得喊着说话。可是，一旦周围有人提到你的名字，你立马就能听到，似乎周围的喧闹都被神秘地屏蔽了。这种情况就叫<span word="cocktail">cocktail</span> <span word="party">party</span> <span word="effect">effect</span>（鸡尾酒会效应）。</p><p> </p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="cocktail">cocktail</span> <span word="party">party</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> (<span word="also">also</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="selective">selective</span> <span word="attention">attention</span>) <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="phenomenon">phenomenon</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="able">able</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="focus">focus</span> <span word="one">one</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="auditory">auditory</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="particular">particular</span> <span word="stimulus">stimulus</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="filtering">filtering</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="range">range</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="stimuli">stimuli</span>, <span word="much">much</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="partygoer">partygoer</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="focus">focus</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="single">single</span> <span word="conversation">conversation</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="noisy">noisy</span> <span word="room">room</span>.</p><p> 鸡尾酒会效应（<span word="cocktail">cocktail</span> <span word="party">party</span> <span word="effect">effect</span>），也叫选择性关注（<span word="selective">selective</span> <span word="attention">attention</span>），指将自己的听觉注意力放在某一个特定的关注兴奋点而将其余的点全部过滤出去的能力，就好像身处热闹派对中的人仍然能够专注于一段对话。</p><p> <span word="This">This</span> <span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="allows">allows</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="to">to</span> "<span word="tune">tune</span> <span word="in">in</span>" <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="single">single</span> <span word="voice">voice</span> <span word="and">and</span> "<span word="tune">tune</span> <span word="out">out</span>" <span word="all">all</span> <span word="others">others</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="describe">describe</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="similar">similar</span> <span word="phenomenon">phenomenon</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="occurs">occurs</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="immediately">immediately</span> <span word="detect">detect</span> <span word="words">words</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="importance">importance</span> <span word="originating">originating</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="unattended">unattended</span> <span word="stimuli">stimuli</span>, <span word="for">for</span> <span word="instance">instance</span> <span word="hearing">hearing</span> <span word="one">one</span>'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="name">name</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="conversation">conversation</span>.</p><p> 这种效应能够让多数人将很多其他无关的声音关掉，只选择听自己关注的那一个声音。还有一个类似的情况是，人们能够从毫不关注的兴奋点中立即识别对自己重要的文字信息。例如，在别人聊天时听到自己的名字被提及。</p>
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