什么是“情绪劳动”？
<p> 我们都知道普遍意义上的劳动分为脑力劳动（<span word="mental">mental</span> <span word="labor">labor</span>）和体力劳动（<span word="manual">manual</span> <span word="labor">labor</span>）两种。如今，一种新的劳动形式<span word="emotional">emotional</span> <span word="labor">labor</span>（情绪劳动）走入我们的视野。你听说过吗？</p><p> </p><p> <span word="Emotional">Emotional</span> <span word="labor">labor</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="form">form</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="emotional">emotional</span> <span word="regulation">regulation</span> <span word="wherein">wherein</span> <span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="expected">expected</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="display">display</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="emotions">emotions</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="job">job</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="promote">promote</span> <span word="organizational">organizational</span> <span word="goals">goals</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="intended">intended</span> <span word="effects">effects</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="emotional">emotional</span> <span word="displays">displays</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="other">other</span>, <span word="targeted">targeted</span> <span word="people">people</span>, <span word="who">who</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="clients">clients</span>, <span word="customers">customers</span>, <span word="subordinates">subordinates</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="co">co</span>-<span word="workers">workers</span>.</p><p> 情绪劳动（<span word="emotional">emotional</span> <span word="labor">labor</span>）指要求员工在工作时展现某种特定情绪以达到其所在职位工作目标的劳动形式。这些特定情绪针对的目标人群有：客户、顾客、下属，或者同事。</p><p> <span word="Example">Example</span> <span word="professions">professions</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="require">require</span> <span word="emotional">emotional</span> <span word="labor">labor</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="nurses">nurses</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="doctors">doctors</span>, <span word="waiting">waiting</span> <span word="staff">staff</span>, <span word="actors">actors</span> (<span word="e">e</span>.<span word="g">g</span>. <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="movie">movie</span> <span word="kiss">kiss</span>), <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="airline">airline</span> <span word="stewardesses">stewardesses</span>.</p><p> 有情绪劳动需求的职业有：护士、医生、服务员、演员（比如要在电影中表演接吻场景），以及空乘人员等。</p><p> <span word="Jobs">Jobs</span> <span word="involving">involving</span> <span word="emotional">emotional</span> <span word="labor">labor</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="defined">defined</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="that">that</span>:</p><p> 有情绪劳动需求的职业一般有如下特点：</p><p> <span word="require">require</span> <span word="face">face</span>-<span word="to">to</span>-<span word="face">face</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="voice">voice</span>-<span word="to">to</span>-<span word="voice">voice</span> <span word="contact">contact</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="public">public</span> 需要与公众有面对面接触或者通过声音接触</p><p> <span word="require">require</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="worker">worker</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="produce">produce</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="emotional">emotional</span> <span word="state">state</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="person">person</span> 需要员工为他人营造某种情绪状态</p>
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