步行速度越快的人寿命越长?
<p><span word="In">In</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="analysis">analysis</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="included">included</span> <span word="data">data</span> <span word="from">from</span> 9 <span word="studies">studies</span>, <span word="having">having</span> <span word="higher">higher</span> <span word="measures">measures</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="walking">walking</span> <span word="speed">speed</span> <span word="among">among</span> <span word="older">older</span> <span word="adults">adults</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="associated">associated</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="increased">increased</span> <span word="length">length</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="survival">survival</span>, <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="January">January</span> 5 <span word="issue">issue</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="JAMA">JAMA</span>.</p><p>刊登在1月5日的美国医学会杂志(<span word="JAMA">JAMA</span>)上的一篇研究报告称，步行速度较快的老人寿命较长。</p><p>"<span word="Remaining">Remaining</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="vary">vary</span> <span word="widely">widely</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="older">older</span> <span word="adults">adults</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="physicians">physicians</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="consider">consider</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="expectancy">expectancy</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="assessing">assessing</span> <span word="goals">goals</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="care">care</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="treatment">treatment</span> <span word="plans">plans</span>. <span word="However">However</span>, <span word="life">life</span> <span word="expectancy">expectancy</span> <span word="based">based</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="age">age</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sex">sex</span> <span word="alone">alone</span> <span word="provides">provides</span> <span word="limited">limited</span> <span word="information">information</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="survival">survival</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="influenced">influenced</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="functional">functional</span> <span word="abilities">abilities</span>," <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="background">background</span> <span word="information">information</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="article">article</span>. <span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="currently">currently</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="well">well</span>-<span word="established">established</span> <span word="approaches">approaches</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="predicting">predicting</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="expectancy">expectancy</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="incorporate">incorporate</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="function">function</span>. <span word="Gait">Gait</span> <span word="speed">speed</span>, <span word="or">or</span> <span word="walking">walking</span> <span word="speed">speed</span>, <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="recommended">recommended</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="potentially">potentially</span> <span word="useful">useful</span> <span word="clinical">clinical</span> <span word="indicator">indicator</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="well">well</span>-<span word="being">being</span> <span word="among">among</span> <span word="older">older</span> <span word="adults">adults</span>.</p><p>背景资料：老年人的寿命长短差异很大，医生在评估保健及治疗方案的目标时应该将预期寿命纳入考虑范围，但仅建立在年龄与性别基础上的预期寿命并不十分准确，因为健康与身体机能也会影响寿命的长短。但是，目前的预期寿命预测方法全都没有将健康与身体机能涵盖其中。</p><p><span word="Stephanie">Stephanie</span> <span word="Studenski">Studenski</span>, <span word="M">M</span>.<span word="D">D</span>., <span word="M">M</span>.<span word="P">P</span>.<span word="H">H</span>., <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="colleagues">colleagues</span> <span word="conducted">conducted</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="assess">assess</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="association">association</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="gait">gait</span> <span word="speed">speed</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="survival">survival</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="older">older</span> <span word="adults">adults</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="determine">determine</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="degree">degree</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="gait">gait</span> <span word="speed">speed</span> <span word="explains">explains</span> <span word="variability">variability</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="survival">survival</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="accounting">accounting</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="age">age</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sex">sex</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="study">study</span> <span word="included">included</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pooled">pooled</span> <span word="analysis">analysis</span> <span word="of">of</span> 9 <span word="participating">participating</span> <span word="studies">studies</span> (<span word="collected">collected</span> <span word="between">between</span> 1986 <span word="and">and</span> 2000), <span word="using">using</span> <span word="individual">individual</span> <span word="data">data</span> <span word="from">from</span> 34,485<span word="community">community</span>-<span word="dwelling">dwelling</span> <span word="adults">adults</span> <span word="age">age</span> 65 <span word="years">years</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="older">older</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="walking">walking</span> <span word="speed">speed</span> <span word="data">data</span> <span word="available">available</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="beginning">beginning</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="study">study</span>, <span word="followed">followed</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="for">for</span> 6 <span word="to">to</span> 21 <span word="years">years</span>. <span word="Participants">Participants</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="average">average</span> <span word="age">age</span> <span word="of">of</span> 73.5 <span word="years">years</span>; 59.6 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="women">women</span>; <span word="and">and</span> 79.8 <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="white">white</span>. <span word="Gait">Gait</span> <span word="speed">speed</span> <span word="wascalculated">wascalculated</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="participant">participant</span> <span word="using">using</span> <span word="distance">distance</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="meters">meters</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="seconds">seconds</span>. <span word="All">All</span> <span word="studies">studies</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="instructions">instructions</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="walk">walk</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="usual">usual</span> <span word="pace">pace</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="standing">standing</span> <span word="start">start</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="walk">walk</span> <span word="distance">distance</span> <span word="varied">varied</span> <span word="from">from</span> 8 <span word="feet">feet</span> <span word="to">to</span> 6 <span word="meters">meters</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="average">average</span> <span word="gait">gait</span> <span word="speed">speed</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="participants">participants</span> <span word="was">was</span> 0.92 <span word="meters">meters</span> (3 <span word="feet">feet</span>) <span word="per">per</span> <span word="second">second</span>.</p>
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