seem to be 后 to be 省略问题的探讨
<p>在英语所有的连系动词中，除了<span word="be">be</span>这个最常见的外，<span word="seem">seem</span>应该算是最常见的连系动词之一。而对于<span word="seem">seem</span>的用法，许多同学有个误解，就是以为<span word="seem">seem</span>后接表语时，表语前可随意地加上<span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span>，也可随意地去掉<span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span>。其实，<span word="seem">seem</span>后<span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span>的省略和保留有不少讲究和值得注意的地方，本文归纳以下五种情况，供同学们参考。</p><p>一、后接形容词时一、后接形容词时当<span word="seem">seem</span>后接形容词作表语时，如果谈的是客观事实，即看上去肯定是真实的东西，通常用<span word="seem">seem</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span>;如果谈的是主观印象，则通常只用<span word="seem">seem</span>。但由于这种区别在没有上下文的情况下并不总是很清楚，所以在许多情况下两个结构均可以用。如：<span word="He">He</span> <span word="seems">seems</span> (<span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span>) <span word="ill">ill</span>. 他似乎生病了。<span word="He">He</span> <span word="seems">seems</span> (<span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span>) <span word="quite">quite</span> <span word="happy">happy</span>. 他似乎很高兴。 <span word="He">He</span> <span word="seems">seems</span> (<span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span>) <span word="quite">quite</span> <span word="rich">rich</span> 他似乎相当富有。<span word="She">She</span> <span word="seems">seems</span> (<span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span>) <span word="very">very</span> <span word="sleepy">sleepy</span> <span word="today">today</span>. 今天她看上去很困倦。但在有些情况下，由于其语境比较特殊，可能用其中一个结构比另一个结构更合适，如下面一句中的<span word="seems">seems</span>后最好不用<span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span>：</p><p><span word="He">He</span> <span word="seems">seems</span> <span word="older">older</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="is">is</span>. 他看上去比实际年龄大。</p><p>二、后接名词时在名词前通常要用<span word="seem">seem</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span>(在名词前通常要用尤其是当名词前带有定冠词或物主代词修饰时)，如以下各句中的<span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span>均不能省略。如：<span word="He">He</span> <span word="seemed">seemed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="owner">owner</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="car">car</span>. 他好像就是车主。<span word="I">I</span> <span word="spoke">spoke</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="seemed">seemed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="boss">boss</span>. 我跟一个人说话，他看上去像是老板。 <span word="Washing">Washing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="car">car</span> <span word="seems">seems</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="main">main</span> <span word="hobby">hobby</span>. 洗车似乎是你的主要爱好。但是，在着重表现主观感受的名词短语前，有时可以省去<span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span>。此时名词前通常会有一个描绘性形容词修饰。如：<span word="It">It</span> <span word="seems">seems</span> (<span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span>) <span word="a">a</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="idea">idea</span>. 那似乎是个好主意。 <span word="It">It</span> <span word="seems">seems</span> (<span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span>) <span word="a">a</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="bargain">bargain</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="seems">seems</span> (<span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span>) <span word="a">a</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="b">b</span> <span word="Roman">Roman</span>'">这东西似乎很便宜。下面一句中的<span word="fool">fool</span>前虽然没有形容词修饰，但<span word="a">a</span> <span word="fool">fool</span>本身相当于形容词<span word="foolish">foolish</span>：</p>
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