2016年中考英语语法知识考点总结：名词
<p> 名词复数的特殊变化。</p><p> 普通名词的复数我们知道是直接加-<span word="s">s</span>或 -<span word="es">es</span>，</p><p> <span word="a">a</span>. <span word="class">class</span>, <span word="box">box</span>, <span word="watch">watch</span>, <span word="brush">brush</span>等词以 <span word="s">s</span>, <span word="x">x</span>, <span word="ch">ch</span>, <span word="sh">sh</span>, 结尾，复数要加-<span word="es">es</span>;</p><p> <span word="b">b</span>. <span word="story">story</span>, <span word="factory">factory</span> 等以"辅音字母+<span word="y">y</span>"结尾的词复数要先将-<span word="y">y</span> 变成-<span word="i">i</span>再加-<span word="es">es</span>;</p><p> <span word="c">c</span>. <span word="knife">knife</span>, <span word="wife">wife</span>, <span word="life">life</span>等以-<span word="f">f</span> 或-<span word="fe">fe</span>结尾的词一般先将-<span word="f">f</span>或-<span word="fe">fe</span>变为-<span word="v">v</span>, 再加-<span word="es">es</span>;</p><p> <span word="d">d</span>. 以-<span word="o">o</span>结尾的名词，一般来说，末尾是"元音字母+<span word="o">o</span>" 的词加-<span word="s">s</span>，我们学过的有<span word="radio">radio</span>,<span word="zoo">zoo</span>。末尾是"辅音字母+<span word="o">o</span>"的词，变复数加-<span word="es">es</span>。如：<span word="tomato">tomato</span>, <span word="hero">hero</span>, <span word="potato">potato</span>，当然其中的<span word="piano">piano</span> 和<span word="photo">photo</span>，又是一个例外，他们的结尾只能加-<span word="s">s</span>。</p><p> <span word="e">e</span>. <span word="child">child</span>(<span word="children">children</span>), <span word="foot">foot</span>(<span word="feet">feet</span>), <span word="tooth">tooth</span>(<span word="teeth">teeth</span>), <span word="mouse">mouse</span>(<span word="mice">mice</span>), <span word="man">man</span>(<span word="men">men</span> ), <span word="woman">woman</span>(<span word="women">women</span> )等词的复数变化全不遵循规则。</p><p> 注意：与 <span word="man">man</span> 和 <span word="woman">woman</span>构成的合成词，其复数形式也是 -<span word="men">men</span> 和-<span word="women">women</span>。如：<span word="an">an</span> <span word="Englishman">Englishman</span>，<span word="two">two</span> <span word="Englishmen">Englishmen</span>. 但<span word="German">German</span>不是合成词，故复数形式为 <span word="Germans">Germans</span>;</p><p> <span word="f">f</span>. <span word="deer">deer</span>，<span word="sheep">sheep</span>等词单复数同形。 <span word="people">people</span>，<span word="police">police</span>，<span word="cattle">cattle</span> 等词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数，所以它们的谓语当然也是复数形式，这就是集体名词。<span word="the">the</span> <span word="English">English</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="French">French</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="Chinese">Chinese</span>等名词表示国民总称时，也作复数用。</p><p> 注意：<span word="maths">maths</span>，<span word="politics">politics</span>，<span word="physics">physics</span>等学科名词,虽然以-<span word="s">s</span>结尾，仍为不可数名词。还有<span word="theUnited">theUnited</span> <span word="States">States</span>(美国)，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="Nations">Nations</span>(联合国)等应视为单数。</p>
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