2016年中考英语词组辨析：at/ beside/ by/ near
<p> Ⅰ. <span word="at">at</span> “靠近”往往动作联系，意味着有目的、有意识的靠近，而<span word="by">by</span>, <span word="beside">beside</span>, <span word="near">near</span>只意味着就“靠近”而言。如：</p><p> ① <span word="He">He</span> <span word="sat">sat</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="desk">desk</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="wanted">wanted</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="read">read</span>, 他坐到桌边，想看书。</p><p> Ⅱ. <span word="beside">beside</span> “在……旁边”;<span word="by">by</span> = <span word="just">just</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="side">side</span> <span word="of">of</span> “就在旁边”。两者一般可通用。但<span word="by">by</span> 比<span word="beside">beside</span>语势较强些，并多用于日常用语中。如：</p><p> ① <span word="There">There</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hospital">hospital</span> <span word="beside">beside</span> / <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="river">river</span>. 河边有一家医院。</p><p> ：指“在某人身边”时，常多用<span word="beside">beside</span>. <span word="Eg">Eg</span>:</p><p> ① <span word="The">The</span> <span word="little">little</span> <span word="boy">boy</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="standing">standing</span> <span word="beside">beside</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="mother">mother</span>.</p><p> Ⅲ. <span word="near">near</span> “在……附近”或“离……不远”，它表示的距离要比<span word="by">by</span> / <span word="beside">beside</span> 来得远些。如：</p><p> ① <span word="We">We</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="near">near</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sea">sea</span>.我们住在海边。(表离海边有些距离)</p><p> ② <span word="We">We</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="by">by</span> / <span word="beside">beside</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sea">sea</span>.我们就住在海边。(表海就在身边)。</p>
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