2016年中考英语词组辨析：cost/ spend/ pay/ take
<p> Ⅰ.<span word="cost">cost</span> 指某东西“值……钱”; “需要花费……钱/ 精力”等，它的主语一般为表示东西的名词，不能为表示人的名词，作及物动词和名词。可接双宾语，无被动语态。如：</p><p> ① <span word="I">I</span>’<span word="ll">ll</span> <span word="bet">bet</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="dress">dress</span> <span word="cost">cost</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="thousand">thousand</span> <span word="dollars">dollars</span>.我敢说那件衣服得花1000美元。</p><p> ② <span word="The">The</span> <span word="chair">chair</span> <span word="cost">cost</span> <span word="me">me</span> <span word="thirty">thirty</span> <span word="yuan">yuan</span>.这把椅子花了我30元。</p><p> ③ <span word="The">The</span> <span word="building">building</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="dam">dam</span> <span word="cost">cost</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="lives">lives</span>. 修建这个水坝使许多人丧生。(使花(某种代价);使损失)</p><p> ④ <span word="Bad">Bad</span> <span word="driving">driving</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="cost">cost</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="life">life</span>.开车技术不行可能使你丢掉性命。</p><p> ⑤ 作名词时意为“花费;成本”→<span word="The">The</span> <span word="cost">cost</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="house">house</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="me">me</span>.这房子的价钱太高，我买不起。</p><p> ：</p><p> ① <span word="at">at</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="costs">costs</span> 不惜一切代价，—→<span word="The">The</span> <span word="officer">officer</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="soldiers">soldiers</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="must">must</span> <span word="defend">defend</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="town">town</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="costs">costs</span>. 军官对士兵们说要不惜一切代价保卫这座城市。</p><p> ② <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cost">cost</span> <span word="of">of</span> 以……为代价。</p><p> →1). <span word="He">He</span> <span word="finished">finished</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cost">cost</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="health">health</span>. 他完成了这项工作，但失去了健康。</p><p> →2). <span word="She">She</span> <span word="saved">saved</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="fire">fire</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cost">cost</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="life">life</span>. 她从火中把他救出，但她自己却牺牲了。</p><p> ③ <span word="cost">cost</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="living">living</span> 生活费用。</p><p> —→<span word="As">As</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cost">cost</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="goes">goes</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="standard">standard</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="goes">goes</span> <span word="down">down</span>. 生活费用越上涨，我的生活水准越降低。</p>
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