专家解析雅思听力的出题陷阱
<p> 同义替换陷阱</p><p> 所谓替换也就是出现在题目中的关键词和关键词组不会在你听到的录音中直接出现，而是以同义或近义的表达来替换出现，这样就对做题人定位关键词造成了障碍，最常见的替换有：同义词或近义词替换。如<span word="pressure">pressure</span> 和<span word="stress">stress</span> 之间的替换， <span word="city">city</span>和<span word="urban">urban</span>，<span word="town">town</span>之间的替换等等。同义词组的替换：<span word="cope">cope</span> <span word="with">with</span>替换<span word="deal">deal</span> <span word="with">with</span>， <span word="because">because</span> <span word="of">of</span> 替换<span word="due">due</span> <span word="to">to</span>，等等。主动与被动说法的替换，如把 <span word="Population">Population</span> <span word="shift">shift</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="caused">caused</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="pressure">pressure</span>. 换成<span word="This">This</span> <span word="pressure">pressure</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="caused">caused</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="shift">shift</span>.相近句式的改写替换，比如<span word="Meal">Meal</span> <span word="times">times</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="changed">changed</span>. 可以说成：<span word="No">No</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="meal">meal</span> <span word="times">times</span>.</p><p> 出尔反尔陷阱</p><p> 在日常口语交流中，人们常常会修改甚至反复更正自己已说出的信息，而这种交流特点也是听力测试的考核重点，即设置所谓的改变主意陷阱。比如有一道雅思听力真题，让我们去听某人的生日，本来非常简单，很多考生听记下给出的信息后就开始看下一道题了，可没想到说话人马上又更正说：<span word="No">No</span>. <span word="Its">Its</span> 15<span word="th">th</span>. <span word="Not">Not</span> 18<span word="th">th</span>.等到大家醒过神来，已经是悔之晚矣，白白丢了一道题。针对这个陷阱，要求做题人对说话人可能改变主意做好心理准备，切忌抓到题目相关信息后就高枕无忧了，而应该多留一个心眼。</p><p> 特别提醒：留意<span word="but">but</span>， <span word="however">however</span>，<span word="although">although</span>这样的转折连词，说话人常常用它们引出主意的改变。</p>
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