雅思听力材料：伟大的作曲家-巴赫(视频)
<p> 简介：</p><p> <span word="J">J</span>.<span word="S">S</span>.巴赫，德国作曲家、管风琴家，管风琴家和市镇乐师约翰安布罗西乌斯巴赫之子。<span word="J">J</span>.<span word="S">S</span>.巴赫10岁时父母双亡，赴奥尔德卢夫与兄约翰克里斯托夫共同生活，并在当地学习键盘乐与管风琴。1700年起在吕讷堡圣米夏埃 尔教堂任唱诗班歌手3年，1703年起在阿恩施塔特任管风琴师，1707年起在米尔蒙森任管风琴师。1708年起在萨克斯--魏玛公爵教堂内任管风琴师， 在当地工作9年，由于未被任命为乐长，1717年前往安哈尔特-克藤宫廷任乐正。克藤亲王的兴趣在于器乐曲，巴赫这一时期创作的器乐曲基本为满足亲王的各 种需要，他还创造了大量优秀的键盘乐曲，许多是为自己的独生子而作的练习曲。1722年<span word="J">J</span>.<span word="S">S</span>.巴赫申请莱比锡托马斯教堂合唱队长的职务，未被选中。而因 选中的格劳普纳撤回申请，他又在托玛斯教堂指挥他的《圣约翰受难曲》证明他胜任此职，于1723年5月被任命。余生在托马斯教堂度过，诚挚地为教堂各种仪 式创作受难曲、弥撒曲、康塔塔与经文歌。1740年开始患病，在他生命的最后一年中几乎完全失明。</p><p> <span word="Johann">Johann</span> <span word="Sebastian">Sebastian</span> <span word="Bach">Bach</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="German">German</span> <span word="composer">composer</span>, <span word="organist">organist</span>, <span word="harpsichordist">harpsichordist</span>, <span word="violist">violist</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="violinist">violinist</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Baroque">Baroque</span> <span word="period">period</span>. <span word="He">He</span> <span word="enriched">enriched</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="established">established</span> <span word="German">German</span> <span word="styles">styles</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="skill">skill</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="counterpoint">counterpoint</span>, <span word="harmonic">harmonic</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="motivic">motivic</span> <span word="organisation">organisation</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="adaptation">adaptation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="rhythms">rhythms</span>, <span word="forms">forms</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="textures">textures</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="abroad">abroad</span>, <span word="particularly">particularly</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Italy">Italy</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="France">France</span>. <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Bachs">Bachs</span> <span word="works">works</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="today">today</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="theBrandenburg">theBrandenburg</span> <span word="Concertos">Concertos</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Mass">Mass</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="B">B</span> <span word="minor">minor</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Well">Well</span>-<span word="Tempered">Tempered</span> <span word="Clavier">Clavier</span>, <span word="his">his</span> <span word="cantatas">cantatas</span>, <span word="chorales">chorales</span>, <span word="partitas">partitas</span>,<span word="Passions">Passions</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="organ">organ</span> <span word="works">works</span>. <span word="His">His</span> <span word="music">music</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="revered">revered</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="intellectual">intellectual</span> <span word="depth">depth</span>, <span word="technical">technical</span> <span word="command">command</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="artistic">artistic</span> <span word="beauty">beauty</span>.</p>
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