新托福TPO 16综合写作详细解析：英国考古学的发展
<p> 阅读材料：</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="Kingdom">Kingdom</span> (<span word="sometimes">sometimes</span> <span word="referred">referred</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="Britain">Britain</span>) <span word="has">has</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="long">long</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="rich">rich</span> <span word="history">history</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="settlement">settlement</span>. <span word="Traces">Traces</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="buildings">buildings</span>, <span word="tools">tools</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="art">art</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="periods">periods</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="back">back</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="thousands">thousands</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="years">years</span>: <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Stone">Stone</span> <span word="Age">Age</span>, <span word="through">through</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Bronze">Bronze</span> <span word="Age">Age</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Iron">Iron</span> <span word="Age">Age</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Roman">Roman</span> <span word="colonization">colonization</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Middle">Middle</span> <span word="Ages">Ages</span>, <span word="up">up</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="beginnings">beginnings</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="industrial">industrial</span> <span word="age">age</span>. <span word="Yet">Yet</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="twentieth">twentieth</span> <span word="century">century</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="science">science</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="archaeology">archaeology</span><span word="dedicated">dedicated</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="uncovering">uncovering</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="studying">studying</span> <span word="old">old</span> <span word="cultural">cultural</span> <span word="artifacts">artifacts</span><span word="was">was</span> <span word="faced">faced</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="serious">serious</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="limitations">limitations</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Britain">Britain</span>.</p><p> 英国（有的时候被称为不列颠）在人类居住建筑方面有久远丰富的历史。建筑、建筑工具以及建筑艺术的遗迹的历史可以追溯到数千年。从石器时代开始，历经青铜时代、铁器时代、罗马殖民时代、中世纪，一直到工业时代的初期。但是在20世纪的大部分时间里的英国，致力于挖掘和研究古代文化遗迹的考古学面临着严峻的问题和局限性。</p><p> <span word="First">First</span>, <span word="many">many</span> <span word="valuable">valuable</span> <span word="artifacts">artifacts</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="lost">lost</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="construction">construction</span> <span word="projects">projects</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="growth">growth</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Britains">Britains</span> <span word="population">population</span>, <span word="especially">especially</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1950<span word="s">s</span> <span word="on">on</span>, <span word="spurred">spurred</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="construction">construction</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="British">British</span> <span word="cities">cities</span>, <span word="towns">towns</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="villages">villages</span>. <span word="While">While</span> <span word="digging">digging</span> <span word="foundations">foundations</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="buildings">buildings</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="builders">builders</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="uncovered">uncovered</span> <span word="archaeologically">archaeologically</span> <span word="valuable">valuable</span> <span word="sites">sites</span>. <span word="Usually">Usually</span>, <span word="however">however</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="proceeded">proceeded</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="construction">construction</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="preserve">preserve</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="artifacts">artifacts</span>. <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="archaeologically">archaeologically</span> <span word="precious">precious</span> <span word="artifacts">artifacts</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="therefore">therefore</span> <span word="destroyed">destroyed</span>.</p>
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