新托福TPO 20综合写作训练详细解析：森林“随它燃烧”策略
<p> 阅读材料：</p><p> <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="common">common</span> <span word="practice">practice</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="late">late</span> 1960<span word="s">s</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="suppress">suppress</span> <span word="natural">natural</span> <span word="forest">forest</span> <span word="fires">fires</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="let">let</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="burn">burn</span> <span word="policy">policy</span> <span word="assumed">assumed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="forest">forest</span> <span word="fires">fires</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="burn">burn</span> <span word="themselves">themselves</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="quickly">quickly</span>, <span word="without">without</span> <span word="causing">causing</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="damage">damage</span>. <span word="However">However</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="summer">summer</span> <span word="of">of</span> 1988, <span word="forest">forest</span> <span word="fires">fires</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Yellowstone">Yellowstone</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="famous">famous</span> <span word="national">national</span> <span word="park">park</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="country">country</span>, <span word="burned">burned</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="months">months</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="spread">spread</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="huge">huge</span> <span word="area">area</span>, <span word="encompassing">encompassing</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> 800,000 <span word="acres">acres</span>. <span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="scale">scale</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="damage">damage</span>, <span word="many">many</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="replacing">replacing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="let">let</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="burn">burn</span> <span word="policy">policy</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="policy">policy</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="extinguishing">extinguishing</span> <span word="forest">forest</span> <span word="fires">fires</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="soon">soon</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="appeared">appeared</span>. <span word="Three">Three</span> <span word="kinds">kinds</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="damage">damage</span> <span word="caused">caused</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="let">let</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="burn">burn</span> <span word="policy">policy</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="emphasized">emphasized</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="critics">critics</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="policy">policy</span>.</p><p> 在美国，从1960年代末开始就非常普遍地对森林大火采取不扑灭的策略。这种随它燃烧的策略认为森林大火可以在不造成太多损失的情况下迅速燃烧完。然后，1988年发生在美国最出名的黄石国家公园的森林大火却整整燃烧了两个月，蔓延了80万英亩。鉴于这次造成的巨大损失，很多人主张取消随它燃烧的策略，转而开始全力扑灭森林大火的策略。评论家们提供了三个由随它燃烧策略造成的损害来支持自己的观点。</p><p> <span word="First">First</span>, <span word="Yellowstone">Yellowstone</span> <span word="fires">fires</span> <span word="cause">cause</span> <span word="tremendous">tremendous</span> <span word="damage">damage</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="parks">parks</span> <span word="trees">trees</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="vegetation">vegetation</span>. <span word="When">When</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fires">fires</span> <span word="finally">finally</span> <span word="died">died</span> <span word="out">out</span>, <span word="nearly">nearly</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="third">third</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Yellowstones">Yellowstones</span> <span word="land">land</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="scorched">scorched</span>. <span word="Trees">Trees</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="charred">charred</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="blackened">blackened</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="flames">flames</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="smoke">smoke</span>. <span word="Smaller">Smaller</span> <span word="plants">plants</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="entirely">entirely</span> <span word="incinerated">incinerated</span>. <span word="What">What</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="national">national</span> <span word="treasure">treasure</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="seemed">seemed</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="devastated">devastated</span> <span word="wasteland">wasteland</span>.</p>
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