新托福TPO 5综合写作详细解析：查科峡谷的巨屋
<p> 阅读材料：</p><p> <span word="As">As</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="twelfth">twelfth</span> <span word="century">century</span> <span word="A">A</span>.<span word="D">D</span>., <span word="the">the</span> <span word="settlements">settlements</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Chaco">Chaco</span> <span word="Canyon">Canyon</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="New">New</span> <span word="Mexico">Mexico</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="Southwest">Southwest</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="notable">notable</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="houses">houses</span>, <span word="massive">massive</span> <span word="stone">stone</span> <span word="buildings">buildings</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="contain">contain</span> <span word="hundreds">hundreds</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="rooms">rooms</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="often">often</span> <span word="stand">stand</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="stories">stories</span> <span word="high">high</span>. <span word="Archaeologists">Archaeologists</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="trying">trying</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="determine">determine</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="buildings">buildings</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="used">used</span>. <span word="While">While</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="still">still</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="universally">universally</span> <span word="agreed">agreed</span> <span word="upon">upon</span> <span word="explanation">explanation</span>, <span word="there">there</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="competing">competing</span> <span word="theories">theories</span>.</p><p> 早在12世纪，美国西南部墨西哥地区查科峡谷的居民就以他们的巨屋而闻名。这种石质材料建成的巨屋包好有数百个房间，而且通常有三到四层高。很多考古学家都试图解释这些建筑的用途。尽管业界尚未达成一致，但现在有三个比较有竞争力的理论。</p><p> <span word="One">One</span> <span word="theory">theory</span> <span word="holds">holds</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Chaco">Chaco</span> <span word="structures">structures</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="purely">purely</span> <span word="residential">residential</span>, <span word="with">with</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="housing">housing</span> <span word="hundreds">hundreds</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="people">people</span>. <span word="Supporters">Supporters</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="theory">theory</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="interpreted">interpreted</span> <span word="Chaco">Chaco</span> <span word="great">great</span> <span word="houses">houses</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="earlier">earlier</span> <span word="versions">versions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="architecture">architecture</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="recent">recent</span> <span word="Southwest">Southwest</span> <span word="societies">societies</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="particular">particular</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Chaco">Chaco</span> <span word="houses">houses</span> <span word="appear">appear</span> <span word="strikingly">strikingly</span> <span word="similar">similar</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="large">large</span>, <span word="well">well</span>-<span word="known">known</span> <span word="apartment">apartment</span> <span word="buildings">buildings</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="Taos">Taos</span>, <span word="New">New</span> <span word="Mexico">Mexico</span>, <span word="in">in</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="centuries">centuries</span>.</p><p> 一个理论认为这些巨屋是单纯用来居住的，每个可以容纳数百人。持有这种理论的人解释说查科巨屋同时间较近的一些西南族群早期建筑的雏形。尤其值得一提的是，查科的这些建筑同新墨西哥陶斯镇著名的寓所式建筑非常相似。这些寓所式建筑供很多人居住了数个世纪。</p>
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