解析托福阅读十种题型
<p> 托福阅读重点考察考生的阅读理解和对于信息提取的能力，是为将来进一步的学术期刊的阅读和学术研究打下基础。阅读文章中出现的长难句常是考生阅读中遇到的一大难点，而托福阅读十种题型中的句子简化题更是针对文章中的长难句进行了重点考察。所以，考生在平时备考过程中要注重句子结构的分析和主干信息的提取。要想分清楚句子结构，对于常见的修饰成分要搞清楚。所以在准备阶段，注重句法的知识积累就显得格外重要。</p><p> 一、常见的五种后置定语要清楚。</p><p> 对于基本的句子结构，主谓宾或是主系表大家都比较熟悉，但是对于句子里的修饰成分，大家往往熟悉名词之前的修饰成分，也就是对于前置的定语非常熟悉，但是对于名词之后的修饰成分也就是后置定语往往并不了解，或者即使了解，概念也较为模糊。后置定语，顾名思义分为后置和定语两个部分。后置也就是此种短语出现的位置是在名词之后，定语就是起到起到修饰限定作用的短语，注意是短语而不是句子，本质上相当于形容词。所以后置定语就是放在名词的后面起到限定修饰作用的短语。基本可以划分为五种情况。1，形容词做后置定语。如：<span word="fossil">fossil</span> <span word="available">available</span>.即为可用的化石。2，介词短语做后置定语。如<span word="lava">lava</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="surface">surface</span>,中 <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="surface">surface</span>介词短语修饰<span word="lava">lava</span>，表示为表面上的熔岩。3，现在分词短语做后置定语。如<span word="the">the</span> <span word="blood">blood</span> <span word="vessels">vessels</span> <span word="carrying">carrying</span> <span word="cooled">cooled</span> <span word="blood">blood</span>.中的<span word="carrying">carrying</span> <span word="cooled">cooled</span> <span word="blood">blood</span>就是现在分词短语用来修饰限定<span word="the">the</span> <span word="blood">blood</span> <span word="vessels">vessels</span>，理解为运载着凉的血液的血管。4，过去分词短语做后置定语，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="gradual">gradual</span> <span word="drying">drying</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="soil">soil</span> <span word="caused">caused</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="diminished">diminished</span> <span word="ability">ability</span>中的<span word="caused">caused</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="diminished">diminished</span> <span word="ability">ability</span>就是过去分词短语做后置定语修饰<span word="the">the</span> <span word="gradual">gradual</span> <span word="drying">drying</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="soil">soil</span>，理解为减少的能力导致的土壤的干燥。5，不定式短语做后置定语。<span word="the">the</span> <span word="ability">ability</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="absorb">absorb</span> <span word="water">water</span>中<span word="to">to</span> <span word="absorb">absorb</span> <span word="water">water</span>限定修饰 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ability">ability</span>，理解为吸收水的能力。</p>
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