托福阅读指代题解题思路及步骤
<p> 一、问题形式</p><p> 被考的文章中有一个词或词组被加亮，这个词通常是一个代词或名词。指代题的形式如下：</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="word">word</span> (<span word="or">or</span> <span word="phrase">phrase</span>) <span word="X">X</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="refers">refers</span> <span word="to">to</span></p><p> 二、解题步骤</p><p> 1． 根据解题技巧确定答案</p><p> 2． 代入原文验证，看语义、逻辑和语法上是否通顺</p><p> 三、基本原则</p><p> 1． 就近指代</p><p> 所谓就近指代，就是被指代对象通常在指代词前不远处，如本句或上一句中。有时也出现在更前面的一句中。例如，</p><p> <span word="Large">Large</span> <span word="wind">wind</span> <span word="farms">farms</span> <span word="might">might</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="interfere">interfere</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="flight">flight</span> <span word="patterns">patterns</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="migratory">migratory</span> <span word="birds">birds</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="areas">areas</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="killed">killed</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="birds">birds</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="prey">prey</span> (<span word="especially">especially</span> <span word="hawks">hawks</span>, <span word="falcons">falcons</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="eagles">eagles</span>) <span word="that">that</span> <span word="prefer">prefer</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="hunt">hunt</span> <span word="along">along</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="same">same</span> <span word="ridge">ridge</span> <span word="lines">lines</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="ideal">ideal</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="wind">wind</span> <span word="turbines">turbines</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="killing">killing</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="birds">birds</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="prey">prey</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="wind">wind</span> <span word="turbines">turbines</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="pitted">pitted</span> <span word="environmentalists">environmentalists</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="champion">champion</span> <span word="wildlife">wildlife</span> <span word="protection">protection</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="environmentalists">environmentalists</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="promote">promote</span> <span word="renewable">renewable</span> <span word="wind">wind</span> <span word="energy">energy</span>. <span word="Researchers">Researchers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="evaluating">evaluating</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="serious">serious</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="hope">hope</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="find">find</span> <span word="ways">ways</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="eliminate">eliminate</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="sharply">sharply</span> <span word="reduce">reduce</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="problem">problem</span>.</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="phrase">phrase</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="problem">problem</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="passage">passage</span> <span word="refers">refers</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="interference">interference</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="flight">flight</span> <span word="patterns">patterns</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="migrating">migrating</span> <span word="birds">birds</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="areas">areas</span> <span word="building">building</span> <span word="ridge">ridge</span> <span word="lines">lines</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="ideal">ideal</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="wind">wind</span> <span word="turbines">turbines</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="killing">killing</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="birds">birds</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="prey">prey</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="wind">wind</span> <span word="turbines">turbines</span> <span word="meeting">meeting</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="demands">demands</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="environmentalists">environmentalists</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="promote">promote</span> <span word="renewable">renewable</span> <span word="wind">wind</span> <span word="energy">energy</span></p>
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