雅思听力：怎么掌握雅思听力中的词汇衔接
<p>词汇衔接是指通过词的重复、同义、反义、上下义( <span word="hyponymy">hyponymy</span>)、互补(<span word="complementarity">complementarity</span>)、整体与部分等关系，来使语篇意义连贯。</p><p>专家观点：按照语言学家的观点，英语词汇衔接关系可以分为两大 类：复现关系( <span word="reiteration">reiteration</span>)和同现关系(<span word="collocation">collocation</span>)。因此在雅思听力中抓住词汇衔接是非常重要的。</p><p>【1】同现关系出现的信号词句词汇链</p><p>同现关系指的是词汇共同出现的倾向性(<span word="co">co</span>-<span word="occurrence">occurrence</span> <span word="tendency">tendency</span>)。在语篇中，围绕一定的话题，一定的词往往会同时出现，而其他一些词汇就不大可能出现或根本不会出现。这种词的同现关系与语篇范围关系非常密切。例如：</p><p><span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="five">five</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="my">my</span> <span word="family">family</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="city">city</span>. <span word="My">My</span> <span word="father">father</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="doctor">doctor</span>. <span word="My">My</span> <span word="mother">mother</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="nurse">nurse</span>. <span word="My">My</span> <span word="brother">brother</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="driver">driver</span>. <span word="My">My</span> <span word="sister">sister</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="teacher">teacher</span>.</p><p>在这一语段中有两组词汇同现关系，第一组是<span word="people">people</span>，<span word="my">my</span> <span word="family">family</span>，<span word="father">father</span>，<span word="mother">mother</span>，<span word="brother">brother</span>，<span word="sister">sister</span>;第二组是 <span word="work">work</span>，<span word="doctor">doctor</span>，<span word="nurse">nurse</span>，<span word="driver">driver</span>，<span word="teacher">teacher</span>。把这两组词汇串在一起分析，就能非常容易地判断出该语篇的主题是谈论家人的职业。</p><p>在语言运用中，人们发现在意义上相互关联的词汇经常同时出现在某一语篇中，这些词语属于同一个词汇套，形成了词汇链(1<span word="exical">exical</span> <span word="chain">chain</span>)，因而，当人们遇到其中一个(些)词语即信号词句，便会由此联想到词汇套中的另一些词。例如，听到(读)邮局这个信号词时，人们通常会联 想到寄信、汇款、挂号信、邮票、包裹等词语。所以，当一个词汇链的词语出现在一个语篇或语段中时，这些词语就能衔接句子，起着连 句成篇的作用。</p>
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