实用英语写作的技巧 (第18单元)
<p>第十八单元 推展段落方法之九因果法（Ⅱ）</p><p>18.1原因法</p><p>有时，一个结果会源于几个原因。同样，段落可或以结果开头或以结果结束，作者可以从熟悉到不熟悉的原因逐一分析，或是从分析一个又一个读者不熟悉的原因开头，最后引出读者熟悉的结果。选用哪一种，决定于作者认为哪一种更有说服力。</p><p>示范段落18-1</p><p><span word="Several">Several</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="brought">brought</span> <span word="wild">wild</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cities">cities</span>.<span word="Foremost">Foremost</span> <span word="is">is</span>，<span word="that">that</span> <span word="air">air</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="quality">quality</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="cities">cities</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="improved">improved</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> 1970<span word="s">s</span> <span word="pollution">pollution</span> <span word="control">control</span> <span word="efforts">efforts</span>.<span word="Meanwhile">Meanwhile</span>，<span word="rural">rural</span> <span word="areas">areas</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="built">built</span> <span word="up">up</span>，<span word="leaving">leaving</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="edges">edges</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="suburbs">suburbs</span>.<span word="In">In</span> <span word="addition">addition</span>，<span word="urban">urban</span> <span word="wildlife">wildlife</span> <span word="refuges">refuges</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="created">created</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="Greater">Greater</span> <span word="London">London</span> <span word="Council">Council</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="year">year</span> <span word="spent">spent</span> ＄750，000 <span word="to">to</span> <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="land">land</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="build">build</span> 10 <span word="permanent">permanent</span> <span word="wildlife">wildlife</span> <span word="refuges">refuges</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="city">city</span>.<span word="As">As</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="result">result</span>，<span word="many">many</span> <span word="big">big</span> <span word="birds">birds</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="living">living</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="city">city</span>.<span word="For">For</span> <span word="peregrine">peregrine</span> <span word="falcons">falcons</span> <span word="cities">cities</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="actully">actully</span> <span word="safer">safer</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="rural">rural</span> <span word="cliff">cliff</span> <span word="dwellings">dwellings</span>.<span word="By">By</span> 1970 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="birds">birds</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="died">died</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="east">east</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Mississippi">Mississippi</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="DDT">DDT</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="eggs">eggs</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="thin">thin</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="support">support</span> <span word="life">life</span>.<span word="That">That</span> <span word="year">year</span>，<span word="scientist">scientist</span> <span word="Tom">Tom</span> <span word="Cade">Cade</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Cornell">Cornell</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="began">began</span> <span word="raising">raising</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="birds">birds</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="release">release</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="cities">cities</span>，<span word="for">for</span> <span word="cities">cities</span> <span word="afforded">afforded</span> <span word="plentyof">plentyof</span> <span word="food">food</span>.</p><p>18.2 示范段落分析</p><p>主题句：<span word="Several">Several</span> <span word="changes">changes</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="brought">brought</span> <span word="wild">wild</span> <span word="animals">animals</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cities">cities</span>.</p><p>因果模式（<span word="Cause">Cause</span>-<span word="effect">effect</span> <span word="Pattern">Pattern</span>）：</p>
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