实用英语写作的技巧 (第17单元)
<p>第十七单元 推展段落方法之九因果法（Ⅰ）</p><p>17.1因果法</p><p>因果法（<span word="cause">cause</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="effect">effect</span>）段落通常回答<span word="why">why</span>？的问题。大多数人认为在自己或别人生活中发生的事情必然事出有因，因此总要知道为什么会发生这样或那样的事情。原因（<span word="cause">cause</span>）指的是导致结果的发生在过去的事情，结果（<span word="effect">effect</span>）指的是已发生的事情将会产生的后果。</p><p>17.2结果法</p><p>解释一个原因（<span word="cause">cause</span>）的几个结果（<span word="effects">effects</span>）的段落，可能以下面两种顺序之一出现：或者以原因开头，接着指出一个一个结果，如下面示范段落17－1所示；或首先摆出结果，然后指出原因。</p><p>示范段落17－1</p><p><span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="worried">worried</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="what">what</span> <span word="television">television</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="generation">generation</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="American">American</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="grown">grown</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="watching">watching</span> <span word="it">it</span>.<span word="For">For</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="thing">thing</span>，<span word="recent">recent</span> <span word="studies">studies</span> <span word="tend">tend</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="TV">TV</span> <span word="stifles">stifles</span> <span word="creative">creative</span> <span word="imagination">imagination</span>.<span word="Some">Some</span> <span word="teachers">teachers</span> <span word="feel">feel</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="television">television</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="taken">taken</span> <span word="away">away</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="childs">childs</span> <span word="ability">ability</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="form">form</span> <span word="mental">mental</span> <span word="pictures">pictures</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="own">own</span> <span word="mind">mind</span>，<span word="resulting">resulting</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="cannot">cannot</span> <span word="understand">understand</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="simple">simple</span> <span word="story">story</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="visualillustrations">visualillustrations</span>.<span word="Secondly">Secondly</span>，<span word="too">too</span> <span word="much">much</span> <span word="TV">TV</span> <span word="too">too</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="tends">tends</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="cause">cause</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="withdraw">withdraw</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="real">real</span> <span word="life">life</span> <span word="experiences">experiences</span>.<span word="Thus">Thus</span>，<span word="they">they</span> <span word="grow">grow</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="passive">passive</span> <span word="spectators">spectators</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="respond">respond</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="action">action</span>，<span word="but">but</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="initiate">initiate</span> <span word="it">it</span>.<span word="The">The</span> <span word="third">third</span> <span word="area">area</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="concern">concern</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="serious">serious</span> <span word="complaint">complaint</span> <span word="frequently">frequently</span> <span word="made">made</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="elementary">elementary</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="teachers">teachers</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="exhibit">exhibit</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="low">low</span> <span word="tolerance">tolerance</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="frustrations">frustrations</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="learning">learning</span>.<span word="Because">Because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="conditioned">conditioned</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="resolved">resolved</span> <span word="in">in</span> 30 <span word="or">or</span> 60 <span word="minutes">minutes</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="TV">TV</span>，<span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="quickly">quickly</span> <span word="discouraged">discouraged</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="activity">activity</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="promises">promises</span> <span word="less">less</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="instant">instant</span> <span word="gratification">gratification</span>.<span word="But">But</span> <span word="perhaps">perhaps</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="serious">serious</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="impact">impact</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="television">television</span> <span word="violence">violence</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="children">children</span>，<span word="who">who</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="come">come</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="regard">regard</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="everyday">everyday</span> <span word="thing">thing</span>.<span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="increase">increase</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="tolerance">tolerance</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="violent">violent</span> <span word="behavior">behavior</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="others">others</span>，<span word="but">but</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="authorities">authorities</span> <span word="now">now</span> <span word="concede">concede</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="conditions">conditions</span>，<span word="some">some</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="imitate">imitate</span> <span word="anti">anti</span>－ <span word="social">social</span> <span word="acts">acts</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="witness">witness</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="television">television</span>.</p>
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