实用英语写作的技巧 (第8单元)
<p>第八单元 推展段落方法之一事实与数据法</p><p>在第四单元，我们曾提到推展段落的方法有多种。从这一单元开始，我们将逐个介绍这些方法。</p><p>8.1事实与数据法</p><p>事实（<span word="a">a</span> <span word="fact">fact</span>）是可以客观证实的事情。例如：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="sunrises">sunrises</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="east">east</span>.是个事实。<span word="Oil">Oil</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="water">water</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="mix">mix</span>.也是个事实。两者都可以通过实验证明是真实的。但是<span word="Eating">Eating</span> <span word="carrots">carrots</span> <span word="improves">improves</span> <span word="eyesight">eyesight</span>.也许是真实也许是不真实的。这不是个事实，是一种看法（<span word="opinion">opinion</span>）。数据（<span word="a">a</span> <span word="statistic">statistic</span>）是一个数字事实（<span word="a">a</span> <span word="numeral">numeral</span> <span word="fact">fact</span>），用于给某一主题提供有意义的信息。例如：</p><p><span word="There">There</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="twenty">twenty</span>－<span word="five">five</span> <span word="students">students</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="class">class</span>.是一个数据。</p><p>示范段落8－1</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="term">term</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="explosion">explosion</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="applied">applied</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rapid">rapid</span> <span word="growth">growth</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="centuries">centuries</span>.<span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="hundred">hundred</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="from">from</span> 1650 <span word="to">to</span> 1850，<span word="world">world</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="doubled">doubled</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="reached">reached</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="billion">billion</span>.<span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="next">next</span> <span word="eighty">eighty</span> <span word="years">years</span>，<span word="it">it</span> <span word="doubled">doubled</span> <span word="again">again</span>，<span word="and">and</span> <span word="by">by</span> 1975，<span word="it">it</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="doubled">doubled</span> <span word="once">once</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="total">total</span> <span word="of">of</span> 4 <span word="billion">billion</span>.<span word="By">By</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="year">year</span> 2000，<span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="estimated">estimated</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="will">will</span> <span word="exceed">exceed</span> 6 <span word="billion">billion</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="possibly">possibly</span> <span word="approach">approach</span> 7 <span word="billion">billion</span> <span word="unless">unless</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="major">major</span> <span word="reduction">reduction</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="birth">birth</span> <span word="rates">rates</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="amajor">amajor</span> <span word="increase">increase</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="death">death</span> <span word="rates">rates</span>.</p><p>8.2示范段落分析</p><p>主题句：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="term">term</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="explosion">explosion</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="applied">applied</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="rapid">rapid</span> <span word="growth">growth</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="population">population</span> <span word="over">over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="last">last</span> <span word="three">three</span> <span word="centuries">centuries</span>.</p>
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