实用英语写作的技巧 (第1单元)
<p>第一单元 段落简介</p><p>1.1段落</p><p>段落是构成文章的一组句子。段落必须表达完整的意思：或描写事物（<span word="describe">describe</span> <span word="something">something</span>），或争论某事（<span word="argue">argue</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="something">something</span>），或对某事提出疑问（<span word="question">question</span> <span word="something">something</span>），或要求什么（<span word="demand">demand</span> <span word="something">something</span>），或给事物下定义（<span word="define">define</span> <span word="something">something</span>），或驳斥某观点（<span word="reject">reject</span> <span word="something">something</span>）。</p><p>1.2典型段落的构成</p><p>一个典型的段落通常由三部分组成：（1）主题句（<span word="the">the</span> <span word="topic">topic</span> <span word="sentence">sentence</span>）；（2）说明或支持主题的推展句（ <span word="supporting">supporting</span> <span word="sentences">sentences</span>）；（3）结论句（<span word="the">the</span> <span word="concluding">concluding</span> <span word="sentence">sentence</span>）（有些段落没有该部分）。</p><p>示范段落1-1</p><p><span word="We">We</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="cigarette">cigarette</span> <span word="smoking">smoking</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="dangerous">dangerous</span> <span word="habit">habit</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="causes">causes</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="problems">problems</span>. <span word="Doctors">Doctors</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="direct">direct</span> <span word="cause">cause</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="cancer">cancer</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lungs">lungs</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="throat">throat</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="contribute">contribute</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="cancer">cancer</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="organs">organs</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="addition">addition</span>， <span word="it">it</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="bring">bring</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="heart">heart</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="lung">lung</span> <span word="diseases">diseases</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="clearly">clearly</span> <span word="identified">identified</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="chief">chief</span> <span word="causes">causes</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="death">death</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="society">society</span>.</p><p>1.3示范段落分析</p><p>这是一个典型的段落，可概括提纲如下：</p><p>主题句： <span word="We">We</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="know">know</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="cigarette">cigarette</span> <span word="smoking">smoking</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="dangerous">dangerous</span> <span word="habit">habit</span>，<span word="because">because</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="causes">causes</span> <span word="health">health</span> <span word="problems">problems</span>.</p><p>推展句： 1. <span word="Doctors">Doctors</span> <span word="say">say</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="direc">direc</span> <span word="cause">cause</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="cancer">cancer</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="lungs">lungs</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="throat">throat</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="contribute">contribute</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="cancer">cancer</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="organs">organs</span>.</p>
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