要从总体上把握文章
<p>我们这里所说的巧妙绕开生词的方法和分析文章结构特点的思路是统一的，也就是说，只要我们从总体上把握了文章，不用认识每一个单词也能照样理解整篇文章。</p><p>英语文章中不是所有的词的功能都是同等的，有些词担负着传达主要信息的功能，而有些词主要起语法作用或者它所传达的信息和下文的其他信息没有联系。</p><p>这类词有：表示人名，地名，机构名等专有名词。遇到这些词，只要我们能辨认出它是专有名词，就能理解文章而不必知道它的意思。比如在下面的句子中：<span word="In">In</span> <span word="fact">fact</span>， <span word="says">says</span> <span word="David">David</span> <span word="Dinges">Dinges</span>， <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span> <span word="specialist">specialist</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="University">University</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</span> <span word="School">School</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Medicine">Medicine</span>， <span word="theres">theres</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="prohibition">prohibition</span> <span word="against">against</span> <span word="admitting">admitting</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span>. 两个引号之间的部分就不必去管它。类似的还有：<span word="We">We</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="totally">totally</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="attitude">attitude</span> <span word="toward">toward</span> <span word="napping">napping</span>， <span word="says">says</span> <span word="Dr">Dr</span>. <span word="William">William</span> <span word="Dement">Dement</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Stanford">Stanford</span> <span word="University">University</span>，<span word="the">the</span> <span word="godfather">godfather</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="sleep">sleep</span> <span word="research">research</span>.</p><p>我们不用弄清上面某些部分的原因是，它们的后面往往有一个同位语来解释说明它们的意思。这就引起了我们不用弄懂所有单词意思的第二个理由。也就是说如果我们对文章中的某一个单词不熟悉，我们还可以根据统一篇文章中的其他信息来帮助判断。这类信息有：同位语、下定义、解释、举例、同义词、反义词、上下义词以及标点符号(如破折号、冒号都表示解释和说明)等。</p>
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