短文应试写作的步骤和技巧
<p>写文章的步骤和建房子相似，建房子先是构思式样，然后设计结构，接着动手施工。写文章的过程也包括立主题、写提纲和动笔写三大阶段。为叙述方便，我们可将短文应试写作分为五个步骤。</p><p>1.审清题目(<span word="identifying">identifying</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="topic">topic</span>)</p><p>看到作文题后，首先关键的一步是审清题目：认真分析题目所包含的内容和信息，判断出命题者的意图，考虑可能运用的各种写作手法，把握好题目的中心思想。这里所说的审题，其内涵较广，不仅指对作文题的审视，也包括审视写作提示(<span word="directions">directions</span>)、主题句、图表以及对作文字数的要求等。</p><p>审题一般采用分析的方法。文章题目都是由词和词组构成的，审题时首先要对这些语言成分一一分解开来，弄清每个词和词组的含义，辨明词语之间的关系，最后把握住题目总的精神和要求。审题一旦出现偏差，就会差之毫厘，谬以千里。例如在一篇题为<span word="Women">Women</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Sports">Sports</span>的作文中，其中有一主题句为</p><p><span word="Women">Women</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="countries">countries</span> <span word="participate">participate</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="growing">growing</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="sports">sports</span>.显然，写作的内容应该围绕妇女参加体育运动，可列举妇女参加的某些体育项目来发展主题句。但竟然有学生这样写：<span word="Sports">Sports</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="live">live</span> <span word="happily">happily</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="help">help</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="healthy">healthy</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="feeling">feeling</span> <span word="good">good</span>. <span word="When">When</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="playing">playing</span> <span word="games">games</span>，<span word="people">people</span> <span word="move">move</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span>.<span word="This">This</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="good">good</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="health">health</span>.表面上看谈的都涉及体育，但明显偏离了妇女参加体育运动这一中心思想。这样的写作得分率是极低的。</p>
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