英语合同的特点(2)
<p>英语合同的用词特点(<span word="Formal">Formal</span> <span word="term">term</span>)</p><p>合同英语的用词极其考究，具有特定性。要求选词专业化(<span word="professional">professional</span>)、正式(<span word="formal">formal</span>)、准确(<span word="accurate">accurate</span>)。具体体现在下列方面：</p><p>1、<span word="May">May</span>， <span word="shall">shall</span>， <span word="must">must</span> ，<span word="may">may</span> <span word="not">not</span> (或<span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="not">not</span>) 的使用</p><p><span word="May">May</span>， <span word="shall">shall</span> ， <span word="must">must</span> ，<span word="may">may</span> <span word="not">not</span> (或<span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="not">not</span>)对学过英语的人再熟悉不过，但在合同中用这些词时要极其谨慎。权利义务的约见定部分构成了合同的主体。这几个词如选用不当，可能会引起纠纷。</p><p><span word="may">may</span> 旨在约定当事人的权利(可以做什么)，<span word="Shall">Shall</span>约定当事人的义务(应当做什么时候)， <span word="must">must</span> 用于强制性义务(必须做什么)，<span word="may">may</span> <span word="not">not</span> (或<span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="not">not</span>)用于禁止性义务(不得做什么)。<span word="May">May</span> <span word="do">do</span> 不能说成<span word="can">can</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="do">do</span>，不能说成<span word="should">should</span> <span word="do">do</span> 或<span word="ought">ought</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span>，<span word="may">may</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="do">do</span> 在美国一些法律文件可以用<span word="shall">shall</span> <span word="not">not</span>，但绝不能用<span word="can">can</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="do">do</span>或<span word="must">must</span> <span word="not">not</span> )</p><p>例如，在约定解决争议的途径时的，可以说：</p><p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="parties">parties</span> <span word="hereto">hereto</span> <span word="shall">shall</span>, <span word="first">first</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="all">all</span>, <span word="settle">settle</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="dispute">dispute</span> <span word="arising">arising</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="connection">connection</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="contract">contract</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="friendly">friendly</span> <span word="negotiations">negotiations</span>. <span word="Should">Should</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="negotiations">negotiations</span> <span word="fail">fail</span>, <span word="such">such</span> <span word="dispute">dispute</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="referred">referred</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Peoples">Peoples</span> <span word="Court">Court</span> <span word="having">having</span> <span word="jurisdiction">jurisdiction</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="dispute">dispute</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="settlement">settlement</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="absence">absence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="any">any</span> <span word="arbitration">arbitration</span> <span word="clause">clause</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="disputed">disputed</span> <span word="contract">contract</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="default">default</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="agreement">agreement</span> <span word="reached">reached</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="dispute">dispute</span> <span word="occurs">occurs</span>.</p><p>本句中的<span word="shall">shall</span> 和<span word="may">may</span>表达准确。出现争议后应当先行协商，所以采用了义务性约定，如果协商解决不了，作为当事人的权利，用选择性约定<span word="may">may</span>也很妥当。如果<span word="may">may</span>和 <span word="shall">shall</span> 调换位置会怎么样? 前半句的<span word="shall">shall</span>换用<span word="may">may</span>后，意思变成了当事人可以通过协商解决，意思上说得过去，但后半句的<span word="may">may</span>换用<span word="shall">shall</span> 后，变成了应当诉讼解决，好象一出事，就要先见官，这就有些不友好了。</p>
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