完整句与不完整句
<p>一个语法结构完整的句子至少有一个主语和一个谓语动词;如果是及物动词，还得有一个宾语;如果是系动词，则必须有一个表语或补语：</p><p><span word="He">He</span> <span word="won">won</span>.</p><p><span word="I">I</span> <span word="owe">owe</span> <span word="you">you</span>.</p><p><span word="John">John</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="late">late</span>.</p><p>定语和状语虽不是句子中不可缺少的成分，但有助于表达清楚或完整的意思：</p><p><span word="He">He</span> <span word="won">won</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="easy">easy</span> <span word="victory">victory</span>.</p><p><span word="I">I</span> <span word="owe">owe</span> <span word="you">you</span>.</p><p><span word="John">John</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="late">late</span> <span word="again">again</span>.</p><p>需要注意的是：一个完整的句子以大写字母开始，以句号结束。写英文时用逗号代替句号、分号、冒号或破折号叫逗号错，这正是中国学生所要避免的。请比较下列例句：</p><p>误：<span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="raining">raining</span> <span word="hard">hard</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fields">fields</span>.</p><p>正：<span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="raining">raining</span> <span word="hard">hard</span>; <span word="they">they</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fields">fields</span>.</p><p><span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="raining">raining</span> <span word="hard">hard</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fields">fields</span>.</p><p><span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="raining">raining</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fields">fields</span>.</p><p><span word="They">They</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fields">fields</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="raining">raining</span> <span word="hard">hard</span>.</p><p><span word="It">It</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="raining">raining</span> <span word="hard">hard</span>, <span word="so">so</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fields">fields</span>.</p><p><span word="As">As</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="raining">raining</span> <span word="hard">hard</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="could">could</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fields">fields</span>.</p><p>误：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="essay">essay</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="poorly">poorly</span> <span word="organized">organized</span>, <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="central">central</span> <span word="idea">idea</span>.</p><p>正：<span word="The">The</span> <span word="essay">essay</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="poorly">poorly</span> <span word="organized">organized</span>; <span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="central">central</span> <span word="idea">idea</span>.</p>
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