如何在英文写作中避免性别的歧视？(1)
<p>近四十年来，尽管非性别歧视语还没有达到非不可的程度，但它毕竟已进人日常会话和写作的主流之中。随便翻开一张英美的报纸，或瞧一下五花八门的宣传广告，就会发现<span word="supervisor">supervisor</span>(工头，领班)替代了原来的<span word="foreman">foreman</span>， <span word="workmans">workmans</span> <span word="compensation">compensation</span>(工人赔偿金)变成了<span word="workers">workers</span> <span word="compensation">compensation</span>; <span word="sales">sales</span> <span word="representive">representive</span>， <span word="sales">sales</span> <span word="associate">associate</span>或<span word="seller">seller</span>(推销员)取代了常用词<span word="salesman">salesman</span>等。</p><p>为此，笔者将有关资料整理如下，供英语学习者参考。请注意，所选用的例句，除个别注明外，均选自<span word="Rosalie">Rosalie</span> <span word="Maggio">Maggio</span>编写的<span word="The">The</span> <span word="Nonselist">Nonselist</span> <span word="Word">Word</span> <span word="Finder">Finder</span>： <span word="A">A</span> <span word="Dictionary">Dictionary</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Gender">Gender</span>-<span word="Free">Free</span> <span word="Usage">Usage</span> (<span word="Maggio">Maggio</span>， 1989)。</p><p>1.尽量不用通性代词<span word="he">he</span>，除了明确地指代一个男性人物时，都要设法避免使用之。可以根据语境需要，选用下列替换方式：</p><p>1)采用复数形式<span word="Sexist">Sexist</span>：</p><p><span word="When">When</span> <span word="bathing">bathing</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="baby">baby</span>， <span word="never">never</span> <span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="him">him</span> <span word="unattended">unattended</span>. <span word="Revised">Revised</span>： <span word="When">When</span> <span word="bathing">bathing</span> <span word="babies">babies</span>， <span word="never">never</span> <span word="leave">leave</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="unattended">unattended</span>.给婴儿洗澡时，一定不能让他们无人照料。</p><p>2)用<span word="we">we</span>/<span word="us">us</span>/<span word="our">our</span>改写原句<span word="Sexist">Sexist</span>：</p><p><span word="From">From</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="abilities">abilities</span>， <span word="to">to</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="needs">needs</span>. <span word="Revised">Revised</span>： <span word="From">From</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="abilities">abilities</span>, <span word="to">to</span> <span word="each">each</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="according">according</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="needs">needs</span>.各尽所能，按需分配。</p><p>3)改用第二人称、<span word="Sexist">Sexist</span>: <span word="No">No</span> <span word="man">man</span> <span word="knows">knows</span> <span word="his">his</span> <span word="true">true</span> <span word="character">character</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="run">run</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="gas">gas</span>, <span word="purchased">purchased</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="installment">installment</span> <span word="plan">plan</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="raised">raised</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="adolescent">adolescent</span>.</p>
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