英语习作入门训练步骤（一）
<p>在习作训练的初期，应采纳一条从有材料可依的习作方式过渡到脱离本本进行自由写作方式的途径。从有材可依到无材可依的训练过程应包括三个阶段：</p><p>一、短文缩写(<span word="Summary">Summary</span>)阶段</p><p>短文缩写可以是就所学课文进行缩写，也可以采用其它阅读材料，但要求被缩写的材料难易程度不超过所学课本。被用于进行缩写的课文或其它材料必须观点明确、层次分明、叙述有条理。缩写时应做到简明扼要，抓住重点，不要拖泥带水，没有主次。初学阶段的被缩写材料不宜太长，以不超一千词为佳，缩写文以不超过二百词为佳。以下就一篇短文进行缩写，限于篇幅，短文内容有所节略。</p><p><span word="Most">Most</span> <span word="shops">shops</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="Britain">Britain</span> <span word="open">open</span> <span word="at">at</span> 9:00 <span word="a">a</span>.<span word="m">m</span>. <span word="and">and</span> <span word="close">close</span> <span word="at">at</span> 5:00 <span word="or">or</span> 5:30 <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="evening">evening</span>. <span word="Small">Small</span> <span word="shops">shops</span> <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="close">close</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="hour">hour</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="lunchtime">lunchtime</span>. <span word="On">On</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="two">two</span> <span word="days">days</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="week">week</span>-<span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="Thursday">Thursday</span> <span word="and">and</span>/<span word="or">or</span> <span word="Friday">Friday</span>-<span word="some">some</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="shops">shops</span> <span word="stay">stay</span> <span word="until">until</span> <span word="about">about</span> 8:00 <span word="p">p</span>.<span word="m">m</span>. <span word="for">for</span> <span word="late">late</span> <span word="night">night</span> <span word="shopping">shopping</span>.</p><p><span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="shops">shops</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="closed">closed</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="afternoon">afternoon</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="week">week</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="days">days</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="usually">usually</span> <span word="Wednesday">Wednesday</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="Thursday">Thursday</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="day">day</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="towns">towns</span>. <span word="Nearly">Nearly</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="shops">shops</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="closed">closed</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="Sunday">Sunday</span>. <span word="News">News</span>-<span word="paper">paper</span> <span word="shops">shops</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="open">open</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="morning">morning</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="sell">sell</span> <span word="sweets">sweets</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="cigarettes">cigarettes</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="well">well</span>. <span word="But">But</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="legal">legal</span> <span word="restrictions">restrictions</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="selling">selling</span> <span word="many">many</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="Sundays">Sundays</span>. <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="food">food</span> <span word="shops">shops</span>(<span word="supermarkets">supermarkets</span>)<span word="are">are</span> <span word="self">self</span>-<span word="service">service</span>. <span word="When">When</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="go">go</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="shops">shops</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="basket">basket</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="wish">wish</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="buy">buy</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="it">it</span>. <span word="You">You</span> <span word="queue">queue</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="cash">cash</span>-<span word="desk">desk</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="everything">everything</span> <span word="just">just</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="leave">leave</span>. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="anyone">anyone</span> <span word="tries">tries</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="take">take</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="shop">shop</span> <span word="without">without</span> <span word="paying">paying</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="almost">almost</span> <span word="certain">certain</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="caught">caught</span>. <span word="Most">Most</span> <span word="shops">shops</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="store">store</span> <span word="detectives">detectives</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="job">job</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="catching">catching</span> <span word="shoplifters">shoplifters</span>. <span word="Shoplifting">Shoplifting</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="considered">considered</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="serious">serious</span> <span word="crime">crime</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="police">police</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="courts">courts</span>. <span word="When">When</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="waiting">waiting</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="served">served</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="shop">shop</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="wait">wait</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="turn">turn</span>. <span word="It">It</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="try">try</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="served">served</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="arrived">arrived</span> <span word="before">before</span> <span word="you">you</span>. <span word="Many">Many</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="overseas">overseas</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="astonished">astonished</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="British">British</span> <span word="habit">habit</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="queuing">queuing</span>.</p>
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