浅谈英语常见的修辞格（一）
<p>对于一个具有一定英语水平的人来说，谙熟其修辞方式，不仅有助于辨别该语言的各种修辞现象，了解修辞运用的规律，从而提高分析语言表现技巧的能力，而且还可以有力提高准确、有效地运用语言的能力。</p><p>一、比喻(<span word="the">the</span> <span word="figures">figures</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="speech">speech</span>)</p><p>比喻是语言艺术的升华，是最富有诗意的语言形式之一，是语言的信息功能和美学功能的有机结合。英语中常见的比喻有三类：明喻、隐喻和转喻。</p><p>1.明喻(<span word="the">the</span> <span word="simile">simile</span>)</p><p>明喻通常是把被比喻的本体和用以比喻的喻体同时说出，说明本体事物象喻体事物，用介词<span word="like">like</span> ，连词<span word="as">as</span>，<span word="as">as</span> <span word="if">if</span>，<span word="asso">asso</span>，动词<span word="seem">seem</span>等以及句型<span word="A">A</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="B">B</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="Cto">Cto</span> <span word="D">D</span>等等表示好像意思的比喻说法就叫明喻。</p><p>人们往往有这样的错觉，认为比喻修辞只适用于文学类的各种文体，而非文学类论著，如科技之类应用文 体，为了表达的正确性、严密性与科学性，是排斥比喻的。事实上，在英语的科技类的论著中，为了把描述的事物说得具体化、形象化，把深奥的道理说得通俗、浅显、明白，也经常使用比喻。例如：</p><p>(1)<span word="Bacteria">Bacteria</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="single">single</span> <span word="round">round</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="acommon">acommon</span> <span word="type">type</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="about">about</span> 1/25,000 <span word="of">of</span> <span word="an">an</span> <span word="inch">inch</span> <span word="across">across</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="bacteria">bacteria</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="magnified">magnified</span> 1,000 <span word="times">times</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="large">large</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="pencil">pencil</span> <span word="point">point</span>. 细菌是这样小，一种普通类型的圆形细菌直径大约只有1/25,000英寸。这种细菌放大一千倍看起来也只有铅笔尖那么大。</p>
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