如何开发你的智慧
<p><span word="In">In</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="previous">previous</span> <span word="blog">blog</span>, <span word="I">I</span> <span word="posted">posted</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="quote">quote</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="Richard">Richard</span> <span word="Nisbett">Nisbett</span>, <span word="distinguished">distinguished</span> <span word="psychology">psychology</span> <span word="professor">professor</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="Michigan">Michigan</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Malcolm">Malcolm</span> <span word="Gladwells">Gladwells</span> <span word="guru">guru</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="intelligence">intelligence</span>, <span word="who">who</span> <span word="indicated">indicated</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="intelligence">intelligence</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="control">control</span>. <span word="So">So</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="get">get</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="intelligence">intelligence</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="control">control</span>?</p><p><span word="Although">Although</span> <span word="there">there</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="answers">answers</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="question">question</span>, <span word="including">including</span> <span word="basics">basics</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="nutrition">nutrition</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="exercise">exercise</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="response">response</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="tied">tied</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Carol">Carol</span> <span word="Dweck">Dweck</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="world">world</span> <span word="renown">renown</span> <span word="expert">expert</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="human">human</span> <span word="motivation">motivation</span>. <span word="I">I</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="written">written</span> <span word="previously">previously</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="here">here</span>, <span word="here">here</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="here">here</span>. <span word="Dwecks">Dwecks</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="focused">focused</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="why">why</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="school">school</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="persist">persist</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="face">face</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="failure">failure</span> <span word="while">while</span> <span word="others">others</span> <span word="quit">quit</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="soon">soon</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="going">going</span> <span word="gets">gets</span> <span word="rough">rough</span>. <span word="Over">Over</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="years">years</span> <span word="her">her</span> <span word="research">research</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="shown">shown</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="crucial">crucial</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="parents">parents</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="teach">teach</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="intelligence">intelligence</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="control">control</span>. <span word="Indeed">Indeed</span>, <span word="she">she</span> <span word="found">found</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="when">when</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="praised">praised</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="intelligence">intelligence</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="resist">resist</span> <span word="accepting">accepting</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="challenge">challenge</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="doing">doing</span> <span word="things">things</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span>.</p><p><span word="Here">Here</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="Richard">Richard</span> <span word="Nisbetts">Nisbetts</span> <span word="summary">summary</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="fascinating">fascinating</span> <span word="research">research</span>:</p><p><span word="In">In</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="clever">clever</span> <span word="experiment">experiment</span> . . .<span word="developmental">developmental</span> <span word="psychologists">psychologists</span> <span word="Claudia">Claudia</span> <span word="Mueller">Mueller</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="Carol">Carol</span> <span word="Dweck">Dweck</span> <span word="told">told</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="done">done</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Raven">Raven</span> <span word="Progressive">Progressive</span> <span word="Matrices">Matrices</span> <span word="test">test</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="praised">praised</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="either">either</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="bright">bright</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="working">working</span> <span word="hard">hard</span>. <span word="They">They</span> <span word="then">then</span> <span word="offered">offered</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="opportunity">opportunity</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="another">another</span> <span word="set">set</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="problemseither">problemseither</span> <span word="easy">easy</span> <span word="ones">ones</span> (<span word="so">so</span> <span word="Ill">Ill</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="well">well</span>) <span word="or">or</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="challenge">challenge</span> <span word="them">them</span> (<span word="so">so</span> <span word="Ill">Ill</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="them">them</span>, <span word="even">even</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="I">I</span> <span word="wont">wont</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="smart">smart</span>). <span word="Sixty">Sixty</span>-<span word="six">six</span> <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="praised">praised</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="intelligence">intelligence</span> <span word="chose">chose</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="easy">easy</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="show">show</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="smart">smart</span>; <span word="over">over</span> 90<span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="praised">praised</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="hard">hard</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="chose">chose</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="learn">learn</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="from">from</span>. <span word="If">If</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="children">children</span> <span word="did">did</span> <span word="well">well</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="worked">worked</span> <span word="hard">hard</span>, <span word="they">they</span> <span word="wanted">wanted</span> <span word="problems">problems</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="would">would</span> <span word="test">test</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="limits">limits</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="teach">teach</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="even">even</span> <span word="better">better</span>.</p>
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