2013年GMAT考试阅读理解模拟试题(3)
<p> <span word="In">In</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="book">book</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="antiparty">antiparty</span> <span word="feeling">feeling</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="early">early</span> <span word="political">political</span> <span word="leaders">leaders</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span>, <span word="Ralph">Ralph</span> <span word="Ketcham">Ketcham</span> <span word="argues">argues</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="six">six</span> <span word="Presidents">Presidents</span> <span word="differed">differed</span> <span word="decisively">decisively</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="later">later</span> <span word="Presidents">Presidents</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="six">six</span> <span word="held">held</span> <span word="values">values</span> <span word="inherited">inherited</span> <span word="from">from</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="classical">classical</span> <span word="humanist">humanist</span> <span word="tradition">tradition</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="eighteenth">eighteenth</span>-<span word="century">century</span> <span word="England">England</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="view">view</span>, <span word="government">government</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="designed">designed</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="satisfy">satisfy</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="private">private</span> <span word="desires">desires</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="people">people</span> <span word="but">but</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="make">make</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="better">better</span> <span word="citizens">citizens</span>; <span word="this">this</span> <span word="tradition">tradition</span> <span word="stressed">stressed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="disinterested">disinterested</span> <span word="devotion">devotion</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="political">political</span> <span word="leaders">leaders</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="public">public</span> <span word="good">good</span>. <span word="Justice">Justice</span>, <span word="wisdom">wisdom</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="courage">courage</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="important">important</span> <span word="qualities">qualities</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="leader">leader</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="ability">ability</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="organize">organize</span> <span word="voters">voters</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="win">win</span> <span word="elections">elections</span>. <span word="Indeed">Indeed</span>, <span word="leaders">leaders</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="supposed">supposed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="called">called</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="office">office</span> <span word="rather">rather</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="run">run</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="office">office</span>. <span word="And">And</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="took">took</span> <span word="up">up</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="burdens">burdens</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="public">public</span> <span word="office">office</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="sense">sense</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="duty">duty</span>, <span word="leaders">leaders</span> <span word="also">also</span> <span word="believed">believed</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="offices">offices</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="naturally">naturally</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="due">due</span> <span word="because">because</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="preeminence">preeminence</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="contributions">contributions</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="country">country</span>. <span word="Given">Given</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="classical">classical</span> <span word="conception">conception</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="leadership">leadership</span>, <span word="it">it</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="surprising">surprising</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="six">six</span> <span word="Presidents">Presidents</span> <span word="condemned">condemned</span> <span word="political">political</span> <span word="parties">parties</span>. <span word="Parties">Parties</span> <span word="were">were</span> <span word="partial">partial</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="definition">definition</span>, <span word="self">self</span>-<span word="interested">interested</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="therefore">therefore</span> <span word="serving">serving</span> <span word="something">something</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="transcendent">transcendent</span> <span word="public">public</span> <span word="good">good</span>.</p><p> <span word="Even">Even</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="presidency">presidency</span> (<span word="Washington">Washington</span>\'<span word="s">s</span>), <span word="however">however</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="classical">classical</span> <span word="conception">conception</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="virtuous">virtuous</span> <span word="leadership">leadership</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="being">being</span> <span word="undermined">undermined</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="commercial">commercial</span> <span word="forces">forces</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="been">been</span> <span word="gathering">gathering</span> <span word="since">since</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="least">least</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="beginning">beginning</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="eighteenth">eighteenth</span> <span word="century">century</span>. <span word="Commerce">Commerce</span>--<span word="its">its</span> <span word="profit">profit</span>-<span word="making">making</span>, <span word="its">its</span> <span word="self">self</span>-<span word="interestedness">interestedness</span>, <span word="its">its</span> <span word="individualism">individualism</span>--<span word="became">became</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="enemy">enemy</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="classical">classical</span> <span word="ideals">ideals</span>. <span word="Although">Although</span> <span word="Ketcham">Ketcham</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="picture">picture</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="struggle">struggle</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="quite">quite</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="way">way</span>, <span word="he">he</span> <span word="does">does</span> <span word="rightly">rightly</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="Jackson">Jackson</span>\'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="tenure">tenure</span> (<span word="the">the</span> <span word="seventh">seventh</span> <span word="presidency">presidency</span>) <span word="as">as</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="culmination">culmination</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="acceptance">acceptance</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="party">party</span>, <span word="commerce">commerce</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="individualism">individualism</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Jacksonians">Jacksonians</span>, <span word="nonpartisanship">nonpartisanship</span> <span word="lost">lost</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="relevance">relevance</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="under">under</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="direction">direction</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="Van">Van</span> <span word="Buren">Buren</span>, <span word="party">party</span> <span word="gained">gained</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="legitimacy">legitimacy</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="classical">classical</span> <span word="ideals">ideals</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="six">six</span> <span word="Presidents">Presidents</span> <span word="became">became</span> <span word="identified">identified</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="privileged">privileged</span> <span word="aristocracy">aristocracy</span>, <span word="an">an</span> <span word="aristocracy">aristocracy</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="had">had</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="overcome">overcome</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="order">order</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="allow">allow</span> <span word="competition">competition</span> <span word="between">between</span> <span word="opposing">opposing</span> <span word="political">political</span> <span word="interests">interests</span>. <span word="Ketcham">Ketcham</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="strongly">strongly</span> <span word="committed">committed</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="justifying">justifying</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="classical">classical</span> <span word="ideals">ideals</span>, <span word="however">however</span>, <span word="that">that</span> <span word="he">he</span> <span word="underestimates">underestimates</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="advantages">advantages</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="decline">decline</span>. <span word="For">For</span> <span word="example">example</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="classical">classical</span> <span word="conception">conception</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="leadership">leadership</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="incompatible">incompatible</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="modern">modern</span> <span word="notion">notion</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="freedoms">freedoms</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="speech">speech</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="press">press</span>, <span word="freedoms">freedoms</span> <span word="intimately">intimately</span> <span word="associated">associated</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="legitimacy">legitimacy</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="opposing">opposing</span> <span word="political">political</span> <span word="parties">parties</span>.</p>
页:
[1]