2013年GMAT考试阅读理解模拟试题(5)
<p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="United">United</span> <span word="States">States</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="long">long</span>-<span word="standing">standing</span> <span word="policy">policy</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="using">using</span> <span word="federal">federal</span> <span word="funds">funds</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="keep">keep</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="viable">viable</span>. <span word="The">The</span> <span word="Small">Small</span> <span word="Business">Business</span> <span word="Act">Act</span> <span word="of">of</span> 1953 <span word="authorized">authorized</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Small">Small</span> <span word="Business">Business</span> <span word="Administration">Administration</span> (<span word="SBA">SBA</span>) <span word="to">to</span> <span word="enter">enter</span> <span word="into">into</span> <span word="contracts">contracts</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="government">government</span> <span word="agencies">agencies</span> <span word="having">having</span> <span word="procurement">procurement</span> <span word="powers">powers</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="arrange">arrange</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="fulfillment">fulfillment</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="these">these</span> <span word="contracts">contracts</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="awarding">awarding</span> <span word="subcontracts">subcontracts</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="businesses">businesses</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="mid">mid</span>-1960\'<span word="s">s</span>, <span word="during">during</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="war">war</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="poverty">poverty</span> <span word="years">years</span>, <span word="Congress">Congress</span> <span word="hoped">hoped</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="encourage">encourage</span> <span word="minority">minority</span> <span word="entrepreneurs">entrepreneurs</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="directing">directing</span> <span word="such">such</span> <span word="funding">funding</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="minority">minority</span> <span word="businesses">businesses</span>. <span word="At">At</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="funding">funding</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="directed">directed</span> <span word="toward">toward</span> <span word="minority">minority</span> <span word="entrepreneurs">entrepreneurs</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="very">very</span> <span word="low">low</span> <span word="incomes">incomes</span>. <span word="A">A</span> 1967 <span word="amendment">amendment</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="Economic">Economic</span> <span word="Opportunity">Opportunity</span> <span word="Act">Act</span> <span word="directed">directed</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="SBA">SBA</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="pay">pay</span> <span word="special">special</span> <span word="attention">attention</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="minority">minority</span>-<span word="owned">owned</span> <span word="businesses">businesses</span> <span word="located">located</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="urban">urban</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="rural">rural</span> <span word="areas">areas</span> <span word="characterized">characterized</span> <span word="by">by</span> <span word="high">high</span> <span word="proportions">proportions</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="unemployed">unemployed</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="low">low</span>-<span word="income">income</span> <span word="individuals">individuals</span>. <span word="Since">Since</span> <span word="then">then</span>, <span word="the">the</span> <span word="answer">answer</span> <span word="given">given</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="fundamental">fundamental</span> <span word="question">question</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="who">who</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="recipients">recipients</span> <span word="should">should</span> <span word="be">be</span>--<span word="the">the</span> <span word="most">most</span> <span word="economically">economically</span> <span word="disadvantaged">disadvantaged</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="best">best</span> <span word="prospects">prospects</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="business">business</span> <span word="success">success</span>--<span word="has">has</span> <span word="changed">changed</span>, <span word="and">and</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="social">social</span> <span word="goals">goals</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="programs">programs</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="shifted">shifted</span>, <span word="resulting">resulting</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="policy">policy</span> <span word="changes">changes</span>.</p><p> <span word="The">The</span> <span word="first">first</span> <span word="shift">shift</span> <span word="occurred">occurred</span> <span word="during">during</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="early">early</span> 1970\'<span word="s">s</span>. <span word="While">While</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="goal">goal</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="assisting">assisting</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="economically">economically</span> <span word="disadvantaged">disadvantaged</span> <span word="entrepreneur">entrepreneur</span> <span word="remained">remained</span>, <span word="a">a</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="goal">goal</span> <span word="emerged">emerged</span>: <span word="to">to</span> <span word="remedy">remedy</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="effects">effects</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="discrimination">discrimination</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="fact">fact</span>, <span word="in">in</span> 1970 <span word="the">the</span> <span word="SBA">SBA</span> <span word="explicitly">explicitly</span> <span word="stated">stated</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="main">main</span> <span word="goal">goal</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="increase">increase</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="minority">minority</span>-<span word="owned">owned</span> <span word="businesses">businesses</span>. <span word="At">At</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span>, <span word="minorities">minorities</span> <span word="constituted">constituted</span> <span word="seventeen">seventeen</span> <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nation">nation</span>\'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="population">population</span>, <span word="but">but</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="four">four</span> <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="nation">nation</span>\'<span word="s">s</span> <span word="self">self</span>-<span word="employed">employed</span>. <span word="This">This</span> <span word="ownership">ownership</span> <span word="gap">gap</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="held">held</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="result">result</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="past">past</span> <span word="discrimination">discrimination</span>. <span word="Increasing">Increasing</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="minority">minority</span>-<span word="owned">owned</span> <span word="firms">firms</span> <span word="was">was</span> <span word="seen">seen</span> <span word="as">as</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="way">way</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="remedy">remedy</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="problem">problem</span>. <span word="In">In</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="context">context</span>, <span word="providing">providing</span> <span word="funding">funding</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="minority">minority</span> <span word="entrepreneurs">entrepreneurs</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="middle">middle</span>- <span word="and">and</span> <span word="high">high</span>-<span word="income">income</span> <span word="brackets">brackets</span> <span word="seemed">seemed</span> <span word="justified">justified</span>.</p>
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