煎蛋小学堂:英语百科(视频+中英字幕) 第11课:我们对大脑的7个误解
<p><span word="The">The</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="amazing">amazing</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="complex">complex</span>.<span word="But">But</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lack">lack</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="understandings">understandings</span> <span word="has">has</span> <span word="lead">lead</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="grateful">grateful</span> <span word="idea">idea</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="myth">myth</span> <span word="through">through</span> <span word="out">out</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="years">years</span>.我们的大脑神奇又复杂。但由于缺乏足够足够了解，多年来我们都存在许多误解。<span word="Like">Like</span> <span word="bigger">bigger</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="better">better</span>,<span word="Well">Well</span>,<span word="this">this</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="true">true</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="some">some</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="organs">organs</span>,<span word="You">You</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="need">need</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="look">look</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="sperm">sperm</span> <span word="whales">whales</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="nearly">nearly</span> 6 <span word="times">times</span> <span word="larger">larger</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="humans">humans</span>,<span word="to">to</span> <span word="see">see</span> <span word="this">this</span> <span word="myth">myth</span> <span word="fall">fall</span> <span word="apart">apart</span>.<span word="Yes">Yes</span>,<span word="there">there</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="certainly">certainly</span> <span word="intelligent">intelligent</span> <span word="animals">animals</span>.<span word="but">but</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="cognitive">cognitive</span> <span word="skills">skills</span> <span word="pale">pale</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="comparison">comparison</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="own">own</span>.比如“越大越好”。这个说话或许对其他器官适应，这个误解看似有一定道理，但只需要用抹香鲸举个例子就可以说明，它们的大脑差不多比人的大脑大6倍。它们确实很聪明，不过认知能力远不及我们人类。</p>喝高后也不要太担心大脑受损。酒精并不会杀死我们的脑细胞。虽然酒精可能导致神经元之间的信息传递障碍，但这却是可逆的。同样 药物也不会让大脑内部形成空洞。<span word="Though">Though</span>,<span word="some">some</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="permanently">permanently</span> <span word="change">change</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="brains">brains</span> <span word="functionality">functionality</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="structure">structure</span>,<span word="the">the</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="thing">thing</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="hole">hole</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="your">your</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="physical">physical</span> <span word="trauma">trauma</span>.<span word="Good">Good</span> <span word="thing">thing</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="have">have</span> 100 <span word="billion">billion</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="cells">cells</span>,<span word="or">or</span> <span word="not">not</span>.<span word="Surprisingly">Surprisingly</span>,<span word="it">it</span> <span word="wasnt">wasnt</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="until">until</span> 2009 <span word="that">that</span> <span word="scientists">scientists</span> <span word="discoverd">discoverd</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="true">true</span> <span word="mnumber">mnumber</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="closer">closer</span> <span word="to">to</span> 86 <span word="billion">billion</span>.<span word="Sure">Sure</span>,<span word="it">it</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="seem">seem</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="difference">difference</span>.一些药物确实会永久性改变大脑的机能和物理结构，但只有外部创伤才真正会在脑袋里留下洞洞。我们真的有1000亿个脑细胞吗？恐怕没有。奇怪的是直到2009年科学家们才发现，我们只有大约860亿个脑细胞。可能你会觉得这差别不是很大。<span word="But">But</span> <span word="those">those</span> 14 <span word="billion">billion</span> <span word="neurons">neurons</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="equal">equal</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="size">size</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="entire">entire</span> <span word="baboon">baboon</span> <span word="brain">brain</span>,<span word="To">To</span> <span word="further">further</span> <span word="put">put</span> <span word="those">those</span> <span word="number">number</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="perceptive">perceptive</span> <span word="consider">consider</span> <span word="that">that</span> 1 <span word="million">million</span> <span word="seconds">seconds</span> <span word="is">is</span> 12 <span word="days">days</span>,<span word="while">while</span> 1 <span word="billion">billion</span> <span word="seconds">seconds</span> <span word="is">is</span> 31 <span word="years">years</span>.<span word="So">So</span>,<span word="that">that</span> 14 <span word="billion">billion</span> <span word="neuron">neuron</span> <span word="difference">difference</span> <span word="may">may</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="so">so</span> <span word="small">small</span> <span word="after">after</span> <span word="all">all</span>.但是，狒狒一般情况下也才有这相差的140亿个脑细胞，让我们举个例子进一步说明这个差距有多大，100万秒是约是12天 10亿秒却是31年，这样看来 是不是140亿的差距就不小啦。<span word="Regardless">Regardless</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="cant">cant</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="them">them</span> <span word="all">all</span>,<span word="right">right</span>? <span word="Most">Most</span> <span word="movies">movies</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="science">science</span> <span word="books">books</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="believe">believe</span> <span word="humans">humans</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="only">only</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="around">around</span> 10% <span word="percent">percent</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="brain">brain</span>.<span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="absolutely">absolutely</span> <span word="nonsense">nonsense</span>.<span word="Thanks">Thanks</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="modern">modern</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="scanning">scanning</span> <span word="technology">technology</span>.<span word="we">we</span> <span word="known">known</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="whole">whole</span> <span word="thing">thing</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="time">time</span>.<span word="Now">Now</span>,<span word="necessarily">necessarily</span> <span word="all">all</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="once">once</span>,<span word="when">when</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="working">working</span>,<span word="for">for</span> <span word="instance">instance</span>.<span word="the">the</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="associated">associated</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="movement">movement</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="active">active</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="areas">areas</span>.我们不能完全利用大脑对吗？大多数科教片和科技书籍都误导我们，人类大脑最多可以开发10%左右，这纯属扯淡，有了脑部扫描技术后 我们才得知，我们的大脑随时都在完全运转。比如 当你需要做某种工作时，可以让大脑某部位更加活跃。<span word="However">However</span>,<span word="there">there</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="no">no</span> <span word="part">part</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="simply">simply</span> <span word="doesnt">doesnt</span> <span word="do">do</span> <span word="anything">anything</span>.<span word="It">It</span> <span word="presents">presents</span> 3% <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="bodys">bodys</span> <span word="weigh">weigh</span>,<span word="and">and</span> <span word="it">it</span> <span word="just">just</span> 20% <span word="of">of</span> <span word="its">its</span> <span word="energy">energy</span>,<span word="thats">thats</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="busy">busy</span> <span word="brain">brain</span>,<span word="But">But</span> <span word="we">we</span> <span word="generally">generally</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="one">one</span> <span word="side">side</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="than">than</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="other">other</span>,<span word="right">right</span>? <span word="Nope">Nope</span> .<span word="But">But</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="be">be</span> <span word="convinced">convinced</span> <span word="that">that</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="logical">logical</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="analytical">analytical</span>.<span word="you">you</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="brained">brained</span>;<span word="and">and</span> <span word="if">if</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="creative">creative</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="intuitive">intuitive</span>,<span word="youre">youre</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="brained">brained</span>.<span word="It">It</span> <span word="simply">simply</span> <span word="not">not</span> <span word="true">true</span>.不过 其他部位并不是完全闲着。大脑占人体重量的3% 却要消耗20%的能量 它真的很忙，我们更擅长用左脑或是右脑吗？也不是，大多数人会觉得 如果更理智或更聪明，自己就是左脑型；如果创造力和直觉好 就是右脑型。其实都不对。<span word="While">While</span> <span word="different">different</span> <span word="sides">sides</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="indeed">indeed</span> <span word="used">used</span> <span word="for">for</span> <span word="special">special</span> <span word="functions">functions</span>.<span word="For">For</span> <span word="example">example</span>,<span word="language">language</span> <span word="uses">uses</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="hemispherre">hemispherre</span>.<span word="while">while</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="hemisphere">hemisphere</span> <span word="helps">helps</span> <span word="us">us</span> <span word="read">read</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="emotion">emotion</span>.<span word="Study">Study</span> <span word="on">on</span> <span word="thousands">thousands</span> <span word="individuals">individuals</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="found">found</span>,<span word="no">no</span> <span word="evidence">evidence</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="left">left</span> <span word="or">or</span> <span word="right">right</span> <span word="dominance">dominance</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="individuals">individuals</span>.<span word="In">In</span> <span word="other">other</span> <span word="words">words</span>,<span word="you">you</span> <span word="use">use</span> <span word="both">both</span> <span word="sides">sides</span> <span word="equally">equally</span>.<span word="And">And</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="dont">dont</span> <span word="actually">actually</span> <span word="have">have</span> 5 <span word="senses">senses</span> <span word="like">like</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="always">always</span> <span word="told">told</span>.不过，我们左右脑确实各施其职。比如 说话主要靠左脑，而右脑却帮我们读懂别人的感情。对数千人研究后表明 个体左脑和右脑之间，完全没有主脑和副脑的区别。也就是说 你的两侧大脑完全平等。你也并不只有通常认为的五种感官。<span word="In">In</span> <span word="fact">fact</span>,<span word="you">you</span> <span word="have">have</span> <span word="a">a</span> <span word="lot">lot</span> <span word="more">more</span>.<span word="Like">Like</span> <span word="nociception">nociception</span>,<span word="which">which</span> <span word="is">is</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sense">sense</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="pain">pain</span>,<span word="and">and</span> <span word="proprioception">proprioception</span>,<span word="the">the</span> <span word="sense">sense</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="how">how</span> <span word="our">our</span> <span word="body">body</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="positioned">positioned</span>.<span word="Not">Not</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="mention">mention</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="sense">sense</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="balance">balance</span>,<span word="temperature">temperature</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="passing">passing</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="time">time</span>.<span word="Scientists">Scientists</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="GE">GE</span> <span word="Global">Global</span> <span word="Research">Research</span> <span word="Centers">Centers</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="collaborating">collaborating</span> <span word="with">with</span> <span word="top">top</span> <span word="researchers">researchers</span> <span word="and">and</span> <span word="institutions">institutions</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="uncover">uncover</span> <span word="new">new</span> <span word="insides">insides</span> <span word="of">of</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brain">brain</span> <span word="functionality">functionality</span>.实际上，要多得多。比如感觉疼痛的“伤感感受”，以及用于调节体位的“本体感受”。其他还有感觉平衡 温度和时间流逝的感受等。<span word="GE">GE</span>全球研究中心的科学家们 正与全球顶尖的研究者和研究中心合作，探究大脑功能的位置奥秘。<span word="If">If</span> <span word="you">you</span> <span word="are">are</span> <span word="interested">interested</span> <span word="in">in</span> <span word="debunking">debunking</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="myth">myth</span>,<span word="or">or</span> <span word="understanding">understanding</span> <span word="more">more</span> <span word="about">about</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brain">brain</span>.<span word="you">you</span> <span word="can">can</span> <span word="follow">follow</span> <span word="their">their</span> <span word="progress">progress</span> <span word="at">at</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="GE">GE</span> <span word="reports">reports</span>,<span word="as">as</span> <span word="they">they</span> <span word="work">work</span> <span word="together">together</span> <span word="to">to</span> <span word="crack">crack</span> <span word="the">the</span> <span word="brains">brains</span> <span word="greatest">greatest</span> <span word="mysteries">mysteries</span>.如果对探究奥秘 或者是想了解更多有关大脑知识，可以关注<span word="GE">GE</span>的研究报告了解他们揭露的大脑奥秘。</p>
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